In the aftermath of the recent Minneapolis school shooting that left two children dead and 18 others injured, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suggested antidepressants may be partly to blame. Speaking on Fox & Friends, Kennedy linked selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) a common class of antidepressants to the shooter’s violence, even though authorities have not confirmed whether the assailant was taking any psychiatric medications.Kennedy announced that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is launching new studies on psychiatric drugs and their potential connection to violent behavior. He emphasized so-called “black box warnings” that accompany certain medications, which note risks of suicidal thoughts, though not homicidal ideation.His comments immediately sparked backlash among mental health experts, who argue that such claims are misleading, stigmatizing, and unsupported by evidence.SSRIs—short for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors—are among the most widely prescribed antidepressants in the world. They include familiar names such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and citalopram (Celexa). More than 1 in 10 Americans take them, most often for depression, anxiety, or related mood disorders.The drugs work by increasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation, emotional processing, and impulse control. By preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed too quickly, SSRIs maintain higher levels of the chemical in the brain, which can improve symptoms of depression and anxiety for many patients.Like any medication, SSRIs come with side effects—such as nausea, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia—but they are generally considered safe and effective when prescribed appropriately.Do SSRIs Increase the Risk of Violence?The scientific debate around SSRIs and violence has persisted since Prozac first entered the U.S. market in 1988. Critics point to anecdotal reports of individuals committing violent acts while taking antidepressants. Advocates highlight the life-saving benefits for millions of people struggling with mental illness.A 2015 study in PLOS Medicine added fuel to the controversy. Researchers from Karolinska Institutet and Oxford University analyzed data from 850,000 Swedes prescribed SSRIs between 2006 and 2009. They found that adolescents and young adults (ages 15–24) had a slightly higher risk of violent crime convictions while on SSRIs compared to when they were not taking the drugs. However, the same pattern was not seen in older adults.Crucially, the authors emphasized that the findings did not prove causation. Other factors—such as the severity of underlying mental illness, substance use, or socioeconomic stress—could explain the association.What is The Complex Relationship Between Serotonin and Aggression?At the neurobiological level, serotonin is thought to regulate aggression, impulse control, and emotional expression. Preclinical studies in animals suggest serotonin dysfunction may increase aggression, while boosting serotonin activity can reduce violent behaviors.Yet, human studies have painted a more complicated picture. Some evidence suggests SSRIs reduce aggression by stabilizing mood and improving impulse control. Others have linked the drugs to irritability or agitation in a small subset of patients, particularly young people in the early weeks of treatment.Experts note that aggression, irritability, and “anger attacks” are not the same as premeditated violence or mass shootings. Most people taking SSRIs experience symptom relief not violent behavior.The Risk of OversimplificationMental health professionals caution against attributing mass shootings to antidepressants without evidence. The vast majority of SSRI users do not become violent. In fact, untreated depression and other mood disorders are more strongly associated with suicide and, in rare cases, violence, than the medications designed to treat them.“Blaming SSRIs risks pushing people away from effective treatment,” psychiatrists argue. “The bigger issue in the U.S. is access to mental health care, combined with easy access to firearms—not antidepressants.”It’s also important to note that countries where SSRIs are prescribed widely, such as Sweden, Japan, and the United Kingdom, do not experience mass shootings on the scale seen in the United States.Politics, Stigma, and the Public NarrativeKennedy’s comments fall into a larger cultural debate over psychiatric drugs, medical freedom, and the root causes of mass violence. Linking SSRIs to school shootings can resonate with a public that is often skeptical of pharmaceutical companies and searching for simple explanations for horrific events.But experts warn that such claims risk stigmatizing people with mental illness, many of whom rely on antidepressants to function in daily life. Stigma may discourage people from seeking help, leading to more untreated mental health conditions—the very scenario that can increase risks of self-harm or harm to others.The Minneapolis ShootingIn the case of the Minneapolis assailant, identified as Robin Westman, there is no evidence yet that SSRIs played any role. Court documents show a history of depression and troubling behavior, including admiration for mass murderers. Westman turned the gun on himself after the attack.Mental health struggles, social isolation, extremist ideologies, and access to firearms appear to be more relevant factors in this tragedy than unproven medication links.While there is ongoing research into SSRIs and their rare side effects, the consensus in psychiatry is clear: SSRIs are not a driving factor in mass shootings. The risk of violence remains extremely low, and the benefits of treating depression and anxiety far outweigh potential harms for most patients.Future studies may shed more light on vulnerable subgroups—such as adolescents beginning treatment—but these questions require careful, evidence-based investigation, not speculation in the wake of tragedy.The Minneapolis shooting has reignited debates over antidepressants, violence, and public safety. While RFK Jr.’s claims highlight public concern, the science does not support blaming SSRIs for mass shootings.Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The connection between antidepressants and violent behavior remains a subject of ongoing research, and no definitive conclusions should be drawn from individual cases. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional before starting, changing, or discontinuing any medication.If you are struggling with your mental health: Please reach out to a qualified professional. In the U.S., you can dial 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline to get immediate support. You are not alone.