UK Presents Bill To Allow 'Assisted Dying': What It Means And How Is It Different From Euthanasia

Terminally ill people in England and Wales could have the right to choose to end their life—a practice that is already legal in a few countries. Earlier this month, Labour MP Kim Leadbeater introduced the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, which was voted upon recently. A separate but similar bill is under discussion in Scotland.

What Is Assisted Dying?

Put in simple terms, it refers to the practice of ending a person's life through medication—either self-administered or by a medical professional. Assisted death is legal in at least 11 states across the US along with a handful of other countries like Canada and Belgium. It is important to note that assisted dying includes both assisted suicide and euthanasia.

Assisted suicide is intentionally helping another person to end their life, which may not even require a terminal diagnosis but again it depends from place to place and condition to condition. That could involve providing lethal medication or helping them travel to another jurisdiction to die. However, the bill presented in UK clearly states that it will be used only for patients who are terminally ill and have less than 6 months to live.

How Is It Different From Euthanasia?

Euthanasia—also referred to mercy killing—is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. The legality of this practice varies across the globe, with a small number of countries permitting it under strict conditions. The list include Belgium, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Luxemburg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain.

At present, laws throughout the British territory prevent people from asking for medical help to die. However, the bill could change it. Here are the requirements of the proposed bill:

Anyone who wishes to end their lives, must be over 18 and live in England and Wales, and have been registered with a GP for at least 12 months

They must have the mental capacity to make the choice and be deemed to have expressed a clear, settled and informed wish, free from coercion or pressure

They will be expected to die within six months

Also, they need to make two separate declarations, witnessed and signed, about their wish to die

Finally, they need to satisfy two independent doctors that they are eligible - with at least seven days between each doctors' assessment

Moreover, a High Court judge must hear from at least one of the doctors, and can question the dying person, or anyone else considered relevant. After the judge has made their ruling, a patient would have to wait another 14 days before acting. Notably, it is completely illegal to pressurize someone to take their own lives. Anyone found to do could risk a 14-year prison sentence.

The bill is also facing considerable opposition. Opponents reportedly argue that legalizing assisted suicide could pressure vulnerable individuals into ending their lives. They urge the government to prioritize enhancing palliative care instead. Among those opposing the change is Paralympian and House of Lords crossbencher Baroness Grey-Thompson, who has voiced concerns over the potential risks of altering the law on assisted death.

Is It Different in Scotland?

Yes, the bill is slightly different in Scotland. A person calling for assisted suicide must be a resident of the country for at least 12 months. Additionally, they should be registered with a GP in Scotland, be terminally ill and must have the mental capacity to make the request.