Riya Baibhawi

You Might Not Need Ozempic Anymore: Researchers Discover Gut Bacteria That Can Suppress Hunger

Weight loss drugs

<span>Ozempic</span> is a powerful drug. But in addition to its <span>weight loss</span> benefits, people are now uncovering its potential negative effects too. While these side effects remain far from sabotaging its ever-growing popularity, there is another discovery that it might just do the same. In a study published in Nature Biology, researchers said that they have identified a gut microbe that can reduce hunger and suppress food cravings, just like semaglutide drugs do.

<h2>Scientists Create GLP-1 Hormone Using Gut Bacteria</h2>

A team of researchers from Jiangnan University in China demonstrated they could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by increasing the population of a specific gut microbe in diabetic mice. GLP-1 is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels and feelings of fullness. Its release is naturally triggered by certain foods and gut microbes, and its effects are mimicked by medications like semaglutide, the active ingredient in Ozempic.

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 function is often impaired, causing issues with blood sugar regulation. This is why GLP-1 agonists, like Ozempic, are effective treatments. While these drugs have shown promising results, some researchers aim to discover how to stimulate the body to produce more GLP-1 naturally.

"The growing body of research has shown that our food cravings are driven by signals from the gut, a crucial organ in shaping dietary preferences," the authors underscored. "However, the genes, gut bacteria, and metabolites involved in regulating sugar cravings are still not fully understood."

The new study suggests that gut microbes, like Bacteroides vulgatus, and their metabolites may play a role in influencing a person’s sweet cravings. In experiments, when mice were unable to produce a gut protein called Ffar4, the populations of B. vulgatus in their gut decreased. This led to a reduction in the release of a hormone called FGF21, which is associated with sugar cravings.

In their experiments, when mice were treated with a metabolite from B. vulgatus, it boosted GLP-1 secretion, which in turn triggered the release of FGF21. Together, these changes led to better blood sugar control and reduced sugar cravings in the mice. While the research is still in its early stages, and its effects on humans remain to be seen, the authors believe their findings offer a promising strategy for diabetes prevention.

Earlier, researchers from the University of Copenhagen claimed to have developed a revolutionary drug that decreases appetite while simultaneously increasing calorie burning—without inducing nausea, a common side effect of existing treatments. The University of Copenhagen scientists wanted to create a medication that curbs appetite and enhances calorie burning without these drawbacks. To achieve this, they focused on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The team examined more than 380 GPCRs, ranking them based on their association with haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. HbA1C is a critical biomarker for blood sugar regulation and diabetes progression, making it an essential factor in designing treatments for metabolic disorders.

Their research led to the neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R), which showed promising genetic links to both obesity and blood sugar control. NK2R has been previously studied for its roles in the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. However, this research is groundbreaking in suggesting that NK2R may also influence blood sugar regulation and cardiometabolic health. Therefore, they developed a drug that targets NK2R.

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Ozempic is a powerful drug. But in addition to its weight loss benefits, people are now uncovering its potential negative effects too. While these side effects remain far from sabotaging its ever-growing popularity, there is another discovery that it might just do the same. In a study published in Nature Biology, researchers said that they have identified a gut microbe that can reduce hunger and suppress food cravings, just like semaglutide drugs do.Scientists Create GLP-1 Hormone Using Gut BacteriaA team of researchers from Jiangnan University in China demonstrated they could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by increasing the population of a specific gut microbe in diabetic mice. GLP-1 is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels and feelings of fullness. Its release is naturally triggered by certain foods and gut microbes, and its effects are mimicked by medications like semaglutide, the active ingredient in Ozempic.In individuals with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 function is often impaired, causing issues with blood sugar regulation. This is why GLP-1 agonists, like Ozempic, are effective treatments. While these drugs have shown promising results, some researchers aim to discover how to stimulate the body to produce more GLP-1 naturally."The growing body of research has shown that our food cravings are driven by signals from the gut, a crucial organ in shaping dietary preferences," the authors underscored. "However, the genes, gut bacteria, and metabolites involved in regulating sugar cravings are still not fully understood."The new study suggests that gut microbes, like Bacteroides vulgatus, and their metabolites may play a role in influencing a person’s sweet cravings. In experiments, when mice were unable to produce a gut protein called Ffar4, the populations of B. vulgatus in their gut decreased. This led to a reduction in the release of a hormone called FGF21, which is associated with sugar cravings.In their experiments, when mice were treated with a metabolite from B. vulgatus, it boosted GLP-1 secretion, which in turn triggered the release of FGF21. Together, these changes led to better blood sugar control and reduced sugar cravings in the mice. While the research is still in its early stages, and its effects on humans remain to be seen, the authors believe their findings offer a promising strategy for diabetes prevention.Earlier, researchers from the University of Copenhagen claimed to have developed a revolutionary drug that decreases appetite while simultaneously increasing calorie burning—without inducing nausea, a common side effect of existing treatments. The University of Copenhagen scientists wanted to create a medication that curbs appetite and enhances calorie burning without these drawbacks. To achieve this, they focused on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The team examined more than 380 GPCRs, ranking them based on their association with haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. HbA1C is a critical biomarker for blood sugar regulation and diabetes progression, making it an essential factor in designing treatments for metabolic disorders.Their research led to the neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R), which showed promising genetic links to both obesity and blood sugar control. NK2R has been previously studied for its roles in the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. However, this research is groundbreaking in suggesting that NK2R may also influence blood sugar regulation and cardiometabolic health. Therefore, they developed a drug that targets NK2R.

you might not need ozempic anymore: researchers discover gut bacteria that can suppress hunger

Health and Me

Ishita Roy

COVID-19 Cases In India Continue To Surge, Kerala Tops The List

India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit States

india records 3,395 active covid-19 cases, 26 deaths, kerala and maharashtra among worst-hit states

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COVID-19 cases in India continue to rise, the numbers have now touched 3,758. Kerala, the southern-most state in India has reported the highest of the cases, leading with 1,400 cases, followed by Maharashtra with 506 cases. 

On Saturday, the Union Health Ministry released a data, which registered 685 more active cases, another data was released on Sunday, which reported 360 new infections, which had been recorded within 24 hours. 

Apart from that, two COVID-19 deaths were also reported during the same time, in Kerala and Karnataka. In Karnataka, a 63-year-old man who had comorbidities including pulmonary TB, squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, and was also tested positive for COVID-19, passed away. While in Kerala, a 24-year-old woman with COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions like sepsis, hypertension, and decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) also passed away, reported the Health Ministry. 

As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare figures, in the last 24 hours, Kerala reported 64 new cases, Maharashtra reported 18, while Delhi reported 61 new cases. 

In Delhi, a 60-year-old woman who had been tested positive with COVID-19 also passed away, as per the official. This has also marked the first death in the capital during the current wave. The woman is said to have undergone surgery for intestinal obstruction, and incidentally found out that she was also COVID-19 positive. 

Gurugram too reported a spike in COVID-19 cases after two and a half years. Dr Alka Singh, who is the Civil Surgeon also urged people to not ignore flu-like symptoms. From the cases reported earlier, it has been found that people who had been suffering from flu were in fact, COVID-19 positive. 

Four new Covid-19 cases were reported in Gurugram on Sunday, bringing the total during the current surge to 23, with 12 active cases. All patients have mild symptoms and are isolating at home. The health department collected 97 samples for testing the same day.

Maharashtra reported 65 new Covid-19 cases on Sunday, bringing the total since January 1 to 814. Pune accounted for 31, Mumbai 22, Thane nine, Kolhapur two, and Nagpur one. The state currently has 506 active cases, with 300 recoveries so far, according to the health department.

<strong>ALSO READ: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-news/india-records-3395-active-covid-19-cases-26-deaths-kerala-and-maharashtra-among-worst-hit-states-article-151765683" data-type="tilCustomLink">India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit States</a></strong>

In Odisha, active cases have risen to 12, all presenting mild symptoms and placed in isolation, said Nilakantha Mishra, the state’s Director of Public Health.

Andhra Pradesh’s information minister K Parthasarathi urged people to remain vigilant amid a national rise in infections, advising caution in crowded public spaces such as railway stations, bus stands, and airports.

West Bengal registered 82 new cases in the past 24 hours, taking the number of active cases in the current wave to 287. Six people were discharged after testing negative. Updated figures from the state health department are awaited.

Punjab has six active Covid-19 cases, with five reported from Ludhiana. One death has occurred. Among the infected are two children of the deceased, who are asymptomatic and in quarantine. The remaining cases include a returnee from Kerala and two individuals who had contact with travellers from high-infection states.

In view of the rising Covid-19 cases, the Karnataka government on Saturday issued an advisory urging the public to wear masks in crowded spaces, maintain physical distancing, and follow hygiene protocols.

Union minister of state for health and AYUSH, Prataprao Jadhav, assured last week that the central government is fully prepared to manage any emerging Covid-19 situation.

COVID 19 cases in India

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COVID cases In India

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COVID 19 news

COVID-19 cases in India continue to rise, the numbers have now touched 3,758. Kerala, the southern-most state in India has reported the highest of the cases, leading with 1,400 cases, followed by Maharashtra with 506 cases. On Saturday, the Union Health Ministry released a data, which registered 685 more active cases, another data was released on Sunday, which reported 360 new infections, which had been recorded within 24 hours. Apart from that, two COVID-19 deaths were also reported during the same time, in Kerala and Karnataka. In Karnataka, a 63-year-old man who had comorbidities including pulmonary TB, squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, and was also tested positive for COVID-19, passed away. While in Kerala, a 24-year-old woman with COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions like sepsis, hypertension, and decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) also passed away, reported the Health Ministry. As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare figures, in the last 24 hours, Kerala reported 64 new cases, Maharashtra reported 18, while Delhi reported 61 new cases. India Impacted By COVID-19In Delhi, a 60-year-old woman who had been tested positive with COVID-19 also passed away, as per the official. This has also marked the first death in the capital during the current wave. The woman is said to have undergone surgery for intestinal obstruction, and incidentally found out that she was also COVID-19 positive. Gurugram too reported a spike in COVID-19 cases after two and a half years. Dr Alka Singh, who is the Civil Surgeon also urged people to not ignore flu-like symptoms. From the cases reported earlier, it has been found that people who had been suffering from flu were in fact, COVID-19 positive. Four new Covid-19 cases were reported in Gurugram on Sunday, bringing the total during the current surge to 23, with 12 active cases. All patients have mild symptoms and are isolating at home. The health department collected 97 samples for testing the same day.Maharashtra reported 65 new Covid-19 cases on Sunday, bringing the total since January 1 to 814. Pune accounted for 31, Mumbai 22, Thane nine, Kolhapur two, and Nagpur one. The state currently has 506 active cases, with 300 recoveries so far, according to the health department.ALSO READ: India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit StatesIn Odisha, active cases have risen to 12, all presenting mild symptoms and placed in isolation, said Nilakantha Mishra, the state’s Director of Public Health.Andhra Pradesh’s information minister K Parthasarathi urged people to remain vigilant amid a national rise in infections, advising caution in crowded public spaces such as railway stations, bus stands, and airports.West Bengal registered 82 new cases in the past 24 hours, taking the number of active cases in the current wave to 287. Six people were discharged after testing negative. Updated figures from the state health department are awaited.Punjab has six active Covid-19 cases, with five reported from Ludhiana. One death has occurred. Among the infected are two children of the deceased, who are asymptomatic and in quarantine. The remaining cases include a returnee from Kerala and two individuals who had contact with travellers from high-infection states.In view of the rising Covid-19 cases, the Karnataka government on Saturday issued an advisory urging the public to wear masks in crowded spaces, maintain physical distancing, and follow hygiene protocols.Union minister of state for health and AYUSH, Prataprao Jadhav, assured last week that the central government is fully prepared to manage any emerging Covid-19 situation.

covid-19 cases in india continue to surge, kerala tops the list

French Scientist Who Invented Abortion Pills Dies At 98

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For the longest women's health have been ignored in medicines. While there is progress, but it still needs to go in a long way. However, whatever has been succeeded has not always been easy. But, imagine a life without options, with a Plan B? Thanks to <span>Étienne-Émile Baulieu</span>, the French scientist <span>who</span> passed away at the age of 98 in his home in Paris for developing the <span>abortion pill</span>. 

Renowned for his groundbreaking work on steroid hormones, Baulieu dedicated his career to advancing scientific knowledge and championing individual freedom. His institute remembered him as someone whose work was shaped by a deep commitment to progress, human dignity, and better living.

Born Étienne Blum in Strasbourg on December 12, 1926, Baulieu changed his name when he joined the French Resistance at the age of 15 during the Nazi occupation. This early experience shaped his lifelong values of liberty and courage. After completing medical and science doctorates, he began pioneering research in endocrinology and hormonal medicine.

<h4>An Invention That Changed Lives Of Millions</h4>

In 1982, Baulieu developed RU-486—commonly known as <span>mifepristone</span> or the <span>abortion</span> pill. The drug offered a non-invasive, medically safe alternative to surgical abortion. It was a turning point in reproductive healthcare, providing millions of women worldwide with a private and less traumatic method of ending a pregnancy.

Despite its significance, the pill attracted controversy. Baulieu faced severe backlash, including threats from anti-abortion groups. Even today, access to the medication is restricted or banned in certain countries. Yet, it remains one of the most widely used abortion methods, especially in places where surgical access is limited.

Since its development, mifepristone has been approved in over 100 countries. The World Health Organization included it on its list of essential medicines in 2010. Still, its availability remains a battleground, particularly in the United States, where recent legal rulings have challenged access to abortion pills.

Baulieu continued to defend his work until the end, noting in a 2023 interview that restricting access to the drug undermines decades of progress toward gender equality and freedom.

His research extended into the fields of aging and mental health. His work on the hormone DHEA led to significant findings about neurosteroids, and he pursued treatments for Alzheimer’s and depression. In 2008, he founded the Institut Baulieu to focus on preventing and understanding neurodegenerative diseases.

He received France’s highest honors, including the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour and leadership roles in the Academy of Sciences. Leaders including French President Emmanuel Macron praised him as a visionary who changed the world. Macron wrote, “Few French people have changed the world to such an extent,” calling Baulieu a “beacon of courage.”

Baulieu is survived by his wife, three children, eight grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren. His work—especially the invention of the abortion pill—remains a powerful symbol of science serving humanity.

abortion inventor dies at 98

french scientist who invented abortion pills dies

abortion

abortion pill

mifepristone

Étienne-Émile Baulieu

For the longest women's health have been ignored in medicines. While there is progress, but it still needs to go in a long way. However, whatever has been succeeded has not always been easy. But, imagine a life without options, with a Plan B? Thanks to Étienne-Émile Baulieu, the French scientist who passed away at the age of 98 in his home in Paris for developing the abortion pill. Renowned for his groundbreaking work on steroid hormones, Baulieu dedicated his career to advancing scientific knowledge and championing individual freedom. His institute remembered him as someone whose work was shaped by a deep commitment to progress, human dignity, and better living.Who Was This Scientist?Born Étienne Blum in Strasbourg on December 12, 1926, Baulieu changed his name when he joined the French Resistance at the age of 15 during the Nazi occupation. This early experience shaped his lifelong values of liberty and courage. After completing medical and science doctorates, he began pioneering research in endocrinology and hormonal medicine.An Invention That Changed Lives Of MillionsIn 1982, Baulieu developed RU-486—commonly known as mifepristone or the abortion pill. The drug offered a non-invasive, medically safe alternative to surgical abortion. It was a turning point in reproductive healthcare, providing millions of women worldwide with a private and less traumatic method of ending a pregnancy.Despite its significance, the pill attracted controversy. Baulieu faced severe backlash, including threats from anti-abortion groups. Even today, access to the medication is restricted or banned in certain countries. Yet, it remains one of the most widely used abortion methods, especially in places where surgical access is limited.The Impact, The ChallengesSince its development, mifepristone has been approved in over 100 countries. The World Health Organization included it on its list of essential medicines in 2010. Still, its availability remains a battleground, particularly in the United States, where recent legal rulings have challenged access to abortion pills.Baulieu continued to defend his work until the end, noting in a 2023 interview that restricting access to the drug undermines decades of progress toward gender equality and freedom.His research extended into the fields of aging and mental health. His work on the hormone DHEA led to significant findings about neurosteroids, and he pursued treatments for Alzheimer’s and depression. In 2008, he founded the Institut Baulieu to focus on preventing and understanding neurodegenerative diseases.He received France’s highest honors, including the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour and leadership roles in the Academy of Sciences. Leaders including French President Emmanuel Macron praised him as a visionary who changed the world. Macron wrote, “Few French people have changed the world to such an extent,” calling Baulieu a “beacon of courage.”Baulieu is survived by his wife, three children, eight grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren. His work—especially the invention of the abortion pill—remains a powerful symbol of science serving humanity.

french scientist who invented abortion pills dies at 98

Tanya Dutt

Fluoride Removal From Drinking Water Could Trigger Millions More Cavities In US Kids , Study Warns

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The debate over adding fluoride to public drinking water is gaining intensity in the United States. Formerly thought of as a great public health success, water fluoridation is being increasingly challenged by intensified concerns and legislative prohibitions in a few states. New evidence, however, published in JAMA Health Forum cautions that dis-fluoridation of community water systems could carry a high price tag — for children's oral health as well as the country's health care system.

Fluoride, a naturally occurring mineral in some foods and groundwater, is referred to as "nature's cavity fighter." Fluoride hardens tooth enamel, the hard, outer layer of the teeth, making them more resistant to the acids formed by bacteria in the mouth that lead to tooth decay. Tooth decay, or dental caries, is still one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses in children and teenagers in the US, impacting millions.

Fluoride was first added to public water in the US in 1945 and has been recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as being among the 10 greatest public health successes of the 20th century. Fluoridated water gives both systemic and topical protection, the kind that makes teeth more resistant to decay before they even come up through the gums and protects enamel throughout life.

Researchers Dr. Lisa Simon of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dr. Sung Eun Choi of Harvard School of Dental Medicine recently examined national oral health data to simulate the effect of <span>fluoride removal</span> from US public water supplies. The results are sobering.

They calculate that eliminating fluoride would cause 25.4 million more decayed teeth among children and teens just in five years, while health care expenses would balloon to $9.8 billion. In a decade, those numbers could almost double to 54 million extra decayed teeth and $19.4 billion in dental care costs.

To give it some perspective, the study estimates one additional rotten tooth per three children in the US — a public health regression that's astounding.

Not all populations would share the burden equally. Dr. Simon points to disparities, pointing out that children from poorer backgrounds and from disadvantaged communities would increasingly depend on fluoridated water to help prevent cavities because they have limited access to dental services. Stripping fluoride away would exacerbate oral health gaps.

Currently, approximately two-thirds of the US population is getting fluoridated water, with nearly 40% of children being exposed to optimal levels of fluoride to prevent tooth decay very effectively. Only nearly 1.5% of children have fluoride levels high enough to endanger fluorosis — a cosmetic dental condition that results in mild discoloration of the teeth.

The Canadian city of Calgary provides a cautionary tale. In 2011, Calgary's city government took fluoride out of its public water system amid public outcry. Within a decade, <span>dental health</span> officials noticed a notable increase in cavities in children, leading to the city reinstating water fluoridation in 2021.

This example provides the real-world illustration backing the new study's projections.

<h2>How Fluoride Protects Tooth Decay?</h2>

Cavities result when bacteria in the mouth infect sugars and release acid that destroys tooth enamel. Fluoride acts by incorporating itself into the structure of the enamel, making the enamel resistant to acid attack and able to repair early damage caused by decay.

In infants, fluoride is important even before the eruption of teeth. It gives a systemic effect by making developing teeth in the gums harder by ingestion of fluoride-rich water and food. For adults and older children, fluoride's local action—via toothpaste, mouth rinses, and water—preserves enamel resistance.

The US Department of Health and Human Services now recommends that fluoride in public water be adjusted to 0.7 milligrams per liter, a scientifically proven level to achieve the optimal balance of cavity prevention with minimal fluorosis risk.

Fluoridation is similar to other public health interventions like the addition of iodine to salt or vitamin D to milk, which are intended to avoid widespread deficiencies of nutrients and improve population health.

Yet, political and public opinion changes have prompted legislative measures in certain states such as Utah and Florida prohibiting water fluoridation. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announced in April 2024 that he would recommend that the CDC discontinue the recommendation of fluoride in public water, which further heated the current debate.

<h2>What Are The Alternatives Available?</h2>

Although fears regarding the safety of fluoride have continued in some quarters, the dental and medical communities' consensus is clear: that water fluoridation at recommended concentrations is safe and beneficial. The danger of fluorosis, usually mild and superficial, is small and commonly outweighed by the advantages of prevention of cavities.

For families concerned about dental health without fluoridated water, alternatives include fluoride toothpaste, professional fluoride treatments at the dentist, and fluoride-containing mouth rinses—though these depend on access to dental care and adherence to proper use.

Children under six should not use fluoride mouthwash without dental supervision due to the risk of swallowing.

The economic consequences of rising cavities from fluoride loss are substantial. Treatment expenses for untreated cavities—fillings, root canals, and extractions—can be burdensome on families and health care systems. Untreated dental disease also has an adverse impact on children's quality of life, resulting in pain, infection, eating difficulties, and lost school days.

The projected $9.8 billion in additional dental care costs within five years, escalating to nearly $20 billion over a decade, represents a substantial burden on families, insurance providers, and public health programs.

The fluoride in water debate captures wider public health policy challenges where scientific truth converges with public opinion and politics. As some places consider banning fluoridation, the new study serves as a reminder of the possible unintended effects.

For now, fluoride remains a cornerstone of dental public health in the US and many countries worldwide. Continuing public education on its benefits, addressing misinformation, and ensuring equitable access to dental care remain critical components in safeguarding children’s oral health.

Fluoride's removal from public drinking water may spark a dental emergency for an estimated million American children, resulting in additional cavities and increased health care expenditures. The data from this new study, along with the real-life experience of Calgary, confirms fluoride's central part in preventing tooth decay.

dental health

fluoride removal

dental cavities in children

water fluoridation us

tooth decay prevention

fluoride health benefits

public water safety

dental care costs us

The debate over adding fluoride to public drinking water is gaining intensity in the United States. Formerly thought of as a great public health success, water fluoridation is being increasingly challenged by intensified concerns and legislative prohibitions in a few states. New evidence, however, published in JAMA Health Forum cautions that dis-fluoridation of community water systems could carry a high price tag — for children's oral health as well as the country's health care system.Fluoride, a naturally occurring mineral in some foods and groundwater, is referred to as "nature's cavity fighter." Fluoride hardens tooth enamel, the hard, outer layer of the teeth, making them more resistant to the acids formed by bacteria in the mouth that lead to tooth decay. Tooth decay, or dental caries, is still one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses in children and teenagers in the US, impacting millions.Fluoride was first added to public water in the US in 1945 and has been recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as being among the 10 greatest public health successes of the 20th century. Fluoridated water gives both systemic and topical protection, the kind that makes teeth more resistant to decay before they even come up through the gums and protects enamel throughout life.Researchers Dr. Lisa Simon of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dr. Sung Eun Choi of Harvard School of Dental Medicine recently examined national oral health data to simulate the effect of fluoride removal from US public water supplies. The results are sobering.They calculate that eliminating fluoride would cause 25.4 million more decayed teeth among children and teens just in five years, while health care expenses would balloon to $9.8 billion. In a decade, those numbers could almost double to 54 million extra decayed teeth and $19.4 billion in dental care costs.To give it some perspective, the study estimates one additional rotten tooth per three children in the US — a public health regression that's astounding.Not all populations would share the burden equally. Dr. Simon points to disparities, pointing out that children from poorer backgrounds and from disadvantaged communities would increasingly depend on fluoridated water to help prevent cavities because they have limited access to dental services. Stripping fluoride away would exacerbate oral health gaps.Currently, approximately two-thirds of the US population is getting fluoridated water, with nearly 40% of children being exposed to optimal levels of fluoride to prevent tooth decay very effectively. Only nearly 1.5% of children have fluoride levels high enough to endanger fluorosis — a cosmetic dental condition that results in mild discoloration of the teeth.The Canadian city of Calgary provides a cautionary tale. In 2011, Calgary's city government took fluoride out of its public water system amid public outcry. Within a decade, dental health officials noticed a notable increase in cavities in children, leading to the city reinstating water fluoridation in 2021.This example provides the real-world illustration backing the new study's projections.How Fluoride Protects Tooth Decay?Cavities result when bacteria in the mouth infect sugars and release acid that destroys tooth enamel. Fluoride acts by incorporating itself into the structure of the enamel, making the enamel resistant to acid attack and able to repair early damage caused by decay.In infants, fluoride is important even before the eruption of teeth. It gives a systemic effect by making developing teeth in the gums harder by ingestion of fluoride-rich water and food. For adults and older children, fluoride's local action—via toothpaste, mouth rinses, and water—preserves enamel resistance.The US Department of Health and Human Services now recommends that fluoride in public water be adjusted to 0.7 milligrams per liter, a scientifically proven level to achieve the optimal balance of cavity prevention with minimal fluorosis risk.Fluoridation is similar to other public health interventions like the addition of iodine to salt or vitamin D to milk, which are intended to avoid widespread deficiencies of nutrients and improve population health.Yet, political and public opinion changes have prompted legislative measures in certain states such as Utah and Florida prohibiting water fluoridation. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announced in April 2024 that he would recommend that the CDC discontinue the recommendation of fluoride in public water, which further heated the current debate.What Are The Alternatives Available?Although fears regarding the safety of fluoride have continued in some quarters, the dental and medical communities' consensus is clear: that water fluoridation at recommended concentrations is safe and beneficial. The danger of fluorosis, usually mild and superficial, is small and commonly outweighed by the advantages of prevention of cavities.For families concerned about dental health without fluoridated water, alternatives include fluoride toothpaste, professional fluoride treatments at the dentist, and fluoride-containing mouth rinses—though these depend on access to dental care and adherence to proper use.Children under six should not use fluoride mouthwash without dental supervision due to the risk of swallowing.The economic consequences of rising cavities from fluoride loss are substantial. Treatment expenses for untreated cavities—fillings, root canals, and extractions—can be burdensome on families and health care systems. Untreated dental disease also has an adverse impact on children's quality of life, resulting in pain, infection, eating difficulties, and lost school days.The projected $9.8 billion in additional dental care costs within five years, escalating to nearly $20 billion over a decade, represents a substantial burden on families, insurance providers, and public health programs.The fluoride in water debate captures wider public health policy challenges where scientific truth converges with public opinion and politics. As some places consider banning fluoridation, the new study serves as a reminder of the possible unintended effects.For now, fluoride remains a cornerstone of dental public health in the US and many countries worldwide. Continuing public education on its benefits, addressing misinformation, and ensuring equitable access to dental care remain critical components in safeguarding children’s oral health.Fluoride's removal from public drinking water may spark a dental emergency for an estimated million American children, resulting in additional cavities and increased health care expenditures. The data from this new study, along with the real-life experience of Calgary, confirms fluoride's central part in preventing tooth decay.

fluoride removal from drinking water could trigger millions more cavities in us kids , study warns

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