Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

5 US States That Drink The Most Alcohol

Alcohol has long been a part of social life in the United States. From celebratory champagne to casual beers over the weekend, drinking is woven into the fabric of American culture. But while moderate consumption may be normalized and even encouraged in certain settings, excessive alcohol use remains a critical public health concern. A new report by Drug Helpline reveals stark disparities in alcohol consumption across US states—highlighting regions with particularly high usage rates, and raising pressing questions about the health implications of these patterns.

Alcohol consumption in the US is both widespread and deeply ingrained. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), over 85% of adults have consumed alcohol at some point, and more than half of all adults report drinking in the past month. But it’s not just about frequency—binge drinking and high-intensity consumption have become alarmingly common.

Approximately 1 in 4 adults binge drink at least once a month, and those engaging in “high-intensity drinking” (twice the binge threshold) are 70 times more likely to need emergency healthcare. As a result, alcohol is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 ER visits and claims over 140,000 lives annually. The ripple effect isn’t just health-related—the economic cost of alcohol misuse was estimated at $249 billion in 2010, with 75% of that tied to <span>binge drinking</span>.

<h2>Why Where You Live Matters for Longevity?</h2>

While alcohol is accessible nationwide, some states drink far more than others. Geography influences access, social norms, climate, tourism, and legislation around alcohol—all of which affect consumption patterns.

Despite being one of the smallest and least populated states, New Hampshire consistently tops the list for alcohol consumption. According to data from the NIAAA, residents consume more than 4 gallons of ethanol (pure alcohol) per capita annually—nearly double the national average.

One key reason is tax policy. New Hampshire has no sales tax and minimal excise taxes on alcohol, making it a magnet for out-of-state buyers from neighboring Massachusetts and Vermont. In fact, a significant chunk of alcohol sold in New Hampshire isn’t consumed by residents at all—but it still skews the per capita figures.

However, public health experts warn that easy access combined with low prices can still encourage higher in-state consumption, potentially contributing to increased alcohol-related harm over time.

With a modest population of under a million, Delaware might seem like an unexpected entry on this list—but its residents drink over 3.5 gallons of alcohol per capita annually.

The state also has a high prevalence of binge drinking, particularly among young adults. Proximity to major urban centers like Philadelphia and Baltimore makes Delaware a hub for weekend tourism, which adds to local alcohol sales. Moreover, the state reports concerning rates of alcohol-related driving fatalities, signaling a growing need for intervention.

Home to Las Vegas, Nevada’s position on this list comes as no surprise. The state’s vibrant nightlife, relaxed alcohol laws, and 24/7 availability contribute to an environment where drinking is not only accepted but encouraged.

But beyond the casinos and neon lights, Nevada faces real health consequences. High alcohol consumption is linked to above-average rates of alcohol-related deaths and emergency room visits. The state also struggles with alcohol use disorders (AUD), especially in its more remote rural areas where access to treatment is limited.

In North Dakota, the long winters and sparse population have contributed to a drinking culture that’s rooted in social tradition. Whether it’s beer at a hockey game or whiskey on a snowy evening, alcohol is often part of community gatherings.

Yet, this culture comes at a cost. North Dakota sees elevated rates of binge drinking, especially among college-age individuals. The state also experiences higher-than-average alcohol-impaired driving deaths, and its rural setting complicates access to mental health and substance abuse services.

Rounding out the top five is Montana, a state known for its natural beauty—and, increasingly, its high rates of alcohol consumption. Like North Dakota, Montana’s rural landscape and weather conditions may play a role in shaping drinking behaviors.

Montana’s per capita alcohol consumption exceeds 3 gallons annually, and the state records frequent alcohol-related fatalities, both on and off the road. Its widespread rural communities often lack the healthcare infrastructure needed to support those with alcohol use disorders, creating a silent public health burden.

It’s easy to reduce alcohol consumption statistics to curiosities or state pride, but these figures reflect broader health, social, and economic challenges. States that rank highest in alcohol consumption are also more likely to face:

<ul><li>Higher rates of liver disease, certain cancers, and heart conditions</li><li>Increased emergency department visits</li><li>A heavier economic burden on healthcare systems</li><li>Strained family and workplace dynamics</li></ul>

Public health experts continue to call for greater awareness, better alcohol education, and increased access to treatment for alcohol use disorder, especially in high-consumption states.

The numbers don’t lie—America has a drinking problem, and where you live can influence just how serious that problem is. While some states are beginning to roll out initiatives aimed at responsible drinking, there's a long way to go in addressing the deeper health crisis at play.

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Alcohol has long been a part of social life in the United States. From celebratory champagne to casual beers over the weekend, drinking is woven into the fabric of American culture. But while moderate consumption may be normalized and even encouraged in certain settings, excessive alcohol use remains a critical public health concern. A new report by Drug Helpline reveals stark disparities in alcohol consumption across US states—highlighting regions with particularly high usage rates, and raising pressing questions about the health implications of these patterns.Alcohol consumption in the US is both widespread and deeply ingrained. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), over 85% of adults have consumed alcohol at some point, and more than half of all adults report drinking in the past month. But it’s not just about frequency—binge drinking and high-intensity consumption have become alarmingly common.Approximately 1 in 4 adults binge drink at least once a month, and those engaging in “high-intensity drinking” (twice the binge threshold) are 70 times more likely to need emergency healthcare. As a result, alcohol is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 ER visits and claims over 140,000 lives annually. The ripple effect isn’t just health-related—the economic cost of alcohol misuse was estimated at $249 billion in 2010, with 75% of that tied to binge drinking.Why Where You Live Matters for Longevity?While alcohol is accessible nationwide, some states drink far more than others. Geography influences access, social norms, climate, tourism, and legislation around alcohol—all of which affect consumption patterns.1. New HampshireDespite being one of the smallest and least populated states, New Hampshire consistently tops the list for alcohol consumption. According to data from the NIAAA, residents consume more than 4 gallons of ethanol (pure alcohol) per capita annually—nearly double the national average.One key reason is tax policy. New Hampshire has no sales tax and minimal excise taxes on alcohol, making it a magnet for out-of-state buyers from neighboring Massachusetts and Vermont. In fact, a significant chunk of alcohol sold in New Hampshire isn’t consumed by residents at all—but it still skews the per capita figures.However, public health experts warn that easy access combined with low prices can still encourage higher in-state consumption, potentially contributing to increased alcohol-related harm over time.2. DelawareWith a modest population of under a million, Delaware might seem like an unexpected entry on this list—but its residents drink over 3.5 gallons of alcohol per capita annually.The state also has a high prevalence of binge drinking, particularly among young adults. Proximity to major urban centers like Philadelphia and Baltimore makes Delaware a hub for weekend tourism, which adds to local alcohol sales. Moreover, the state reports concerning rates of alcohol-related driving fatalities, signaling a growing need for intervention.3. NevadaHome to Las Vegas, Nevada’s position on this list comes as no surprise. The state’s vibrant nightlife, relaxed alcohol laws, and 24/7 availability contribute to an environment where drinking is not only accepted but encouraged.But beyond the casinos and neon lights, Nevada faces real health consequences. High alcohol consumption is linked to above-average rates of alcohol-related deaths and emergency room visits. The state also struggles with alcohol use disorders (AUD), especially in its more remote rural areas where access to treatment is limited.4. North DakotaIn North Dakota, the long winters and sparse population have contributed to a drinking culture that’s rooted in social tradition. Whether it’s beer at a hockey game or whiskey on a snowy evening, alcohol is often part of community gatherings.Yet, this culture comes at a cost. North Dakota sees elevated rates of binge drinking, especially among college-age individuals. The state also experiences higher-than-average alcohol-impaired driving deaths, and its rural setting complicates access to mental health and substance abuse services.5. MontanaRounding out the top five is Montana, a state known for its natural beauty—and, increasingly, its high rates of alcohol consumption. Like North Dakota, Montana’s rural landscape and weather conditions may play a role in shaping drinking behaviors.Montana’s per capita alcohol consumption exceeds 3 gallons annually, and the state records frequent alcohol-related fatalities, both on and off the road. Its widespread rural communities often lack the healthcare infrastructure needed to support those with alcohol use disorders, creating a silent public health burden.It’s easy to reduce alcohol consumption statistics to curiosities or state pride, but these figures reflect broader health, social, and economic challenges. States that rank highest in alcohol consumption are also more likely to face:Higher rates of liver disease, certain cancers, and heart conditionsIncreased emergency department visitsA heavier economic burden on healthcare systemsStrained family and workplace dynamicsPublic health experts continue to call for greater awareness, better alcohol education, and increased access to treatment for alcohol use disorder, especially in high-consumption states.The numbers don’t lie—America has a drinking problem, and where you live can influence just how serious that problem is. While some states are beginning to roll out initiatives aimed at responsible drinking, there's a long way to go in addressing the deeper health crisis at play.

5 us states that drink the most alcohol

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With summer season on, tick season begins—ushering in a new wave of concern for emerging infectious diseases. Among them is the <span>Powassan virus</span> (POWV), a rare but deadly tick-borne illness that recently claimed the life of 62-year-old Kevin Boyce from Massachusetts, sending shockwaves through the medical community and his grieving family. His story is not just tragic—it's a critical warning for the public as tick-borne illnesses quietly surge across the country.

In April 2024, Kevin Boyce experienced what he initially believed to be flu-like symptoms—headaches, vomiting, and body fatigue. Within days, those symptoms escalated dramatically. He collapsed in his home and was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with Powassan virus, a rare virus transmitted by tick bites. Despite aggressive treatment, Kevin succumbed to the virus after his brain experienced severe swelling—an extreme complication known as encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain.

His family describes the ordeal as watching “his brain blow up,” underlining the silent danger of a virus that many Americans have never heard of.

The Powassan virus is named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, where it was first identified in 1958. Though rare, it is part of a group of viruses known as flaviviruses—the same family that includes Zika, dengue, and West Nile virus.

The virus is transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the black-legged or deer tick, which is also responsible for the spread of Lyme disease. However, unlike Lyme, which typically requires more than 24 hours of tick attachment to transmit, Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes, according to the Massachusetts Department of Health.

<h2>Symptoms of Powassan Virus carried in Ticks</h2>

Symptoms of Powassan virus typically appear between 7 to 30 days after a tick bite. These symptoms may include:

<ul><li>Fever</li><li>Headache</li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Weakness</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Loss of coordination</li><li>Seizures</li><li>Difficulty speaking</li></ul>

In severe cases, the virus causes encephalitis (brain inflammation) or myelitis (spinal cord inflammation), which can lead to permanent neurological damage. According to Yale Medicine, about 10% of these severe cases are fatal, and approximately 50% of survivors suffer from long-term neurological complications.

<h2>What Kind Of Ticks Carry The Powassan Virus?</h2>

The Powassan virus is primarily carried by two types of ticks in the United States:

Ixodes scapularis – commonly known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, found predominantly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.

Ixodes cookei – also known as the groundhog tick, which is more often found in wooded or rural areas, especially near wildlife like woodchucks and skunks.

Of these, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) poses the greater public health risk, as it also transmits Lyme disease, and it's more likely to bite humans. Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes after the tick attaches—much faster than other tick-borne infections like Lyme.

Because of their size (as small as a poppy seed in the nymph stage) and tendency to attach in hard-to-notice areas, these ticks often go undetected, making early prevention and tick checks critical after spending time outdoors.

<h2>Is Prevention Is the Only Protection?</h2>

Perhaps the most concerning aspect of Powassan virus is the absence of any vaccine or antiviral treatment. Unlike Lyme disease, which can be treated with antibiotics, Powassan has no direct medical countermeasures. The only approach is preventative care—which makes awareness critical.

To avoid tick bites, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend the following:

<ul><li>Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors, preferably light-colored clothing to easily spot ticks</li><li>Tuck pants into socks or use tape to seal clothing gaps</li><li>Use insect repellents containing DEET, permethrin, or picaridin</li><li>Stick to the center of hiking trails to avoid brushing against tick-laden bushes</li><li>Check for ticks on your body, clothes, pets, and gear immediately after being outdoors</li><li>Shower and wash clothes in hot water soon after returning inside</li></ul>

If a tick is found, remove it with fine-tipped tweezers as soon as possible

Recent findings from the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEWVEC) reveal a startling truth: while Powassan virus remains rare in reported cases, it may be significantly underdiagnosed.

A study published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, led by microbiologist Stephen Rich, highlights that many people bitten by Powassan-positive ticks don’t develop symptoms or seek healthcare. In their passive surveillance study, none of the 38 people bitten by infected ticks reported subsequent illness, suggesting that mild or asymptomatic cases are flying under the radar.

The same research revealed that black-legged ticks bite over 1.36 million people annually in the U.S., based on data from the TickReport testing service in Massachusetts. While Lyme disease has a known high transmission rate, the estimated exposure to Powassan virus ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 people annually, many of whom may never realize they were infected.

Despite being rare historically, Powassan virus is on the rise in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. In 2024 alone, 54 cases were reported nationwide, with 12 cases in Massachusetts. Over the last decade, human cases have increased fourfold, signaling that the threat is becoming more prevalent.

According to the CDC, since 2004, the U.S. has recorded 311 hospitalizations and 44 deaths due to Powassan virus, a number that experts warn may be just the tip of the iceberg.

<ul><li>Climate change, which extends the tick season and habitat</li><li>Growing deer populations, which host these ticks</li><li>Human encroachment into wooded areas, increasing tick exposure</li></ul>

Even more concerning, ticks that test positive for Powassan virus are often co-infected with other dangerous pathogens, including:

<ul><li>Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)</li><li>Babesia microti (Babesiosis)</li><li>Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasmosis)</li><li>Borrelia miyamotoi</li></ul>

This means a single tick bite could expose a person to multiple serious illnesses, compounding the risk and complicating diagnosis.

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With summer season on, tick season begins—ushering in a new wave of concern for emerging infectious diseases. Among them is the Powassan virus (POWV), a rare but deadly tick-borne illness that recently claimed the life of 62-year-old Kevin Boyce from Massachusetts, sending shockwaves through the medical community and his grieving family. His story is not just tragic—it's a critical warning for the public as tick-borne illnesses quietly surge across the country.In April 2024, Kevin Boyce experienced what he initially believed to be flu-like symptoms—headaches, vomiting, and body fatigue. Within days, those symptoms escalated dramatically. He collapsed in his home and was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with Powassan virus, a rare virus transmitted by tick bites. Despite aggressive treatment, Kevin succumbed to the virus after his brain experienced severe swelling—an extreme complication known as encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain.His family describes the ordeal as watching “his brain blow up,” underlining the silent danger of a virus that many Americans have never heard of.What Is Powassan Virus?The Powassan virus is named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, where it was first identified in 1958. Though rare, it is part of a group of viruses known as flaviviruses—the same family that includes Zika, dengue, and West Nile virus.The virus is transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the black-legged or deer tick, which is also responsible for the spread of Lyme disease. However, unlike Lyme, which typically requires more than 24 hours of tick attachment to transmit, Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes, according to the Massachusetts Department of Health.Symptoms of Powassan Virus carried in TicksSymptoms of Powassan virus typically appear between 7 to 30 days after a tick bite. These symptoms may include:FeverHeadacheVomitingWeaknessConfusionLoss of coordinationSeizuresDifficulty speakingIn severe cases, the virus causes encephalitis (brain inflammation) or myelitis (spinal cord inflammation), which can lead to permanent neurological damage. According to Yale Medicine, about 10% of these severe cases are fatal, and approximately 50% of survivors suffer from long-term neurological complications.What Kind Of Ticks Carry The Powassan Virus?The Powassan virus is primarily carried by two types of ticks in the United States:Ixodes scapularis – commonly known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, found predominantly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.Ixodes cookei – also known as the groundhog tick, which is more often found in wooded or rural areas, especially near wildlife like woodchucks and skunks.Of these, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) poses the greater public health risk, as it also transmits Lyme disease, and it's more likely to bite humans. Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes after the tick attaches—much faster than other tick-borne infections like Lyme.Because of their size (as small as a poppy seed in the nymph stage) and tendency to attach in hard-to-notice areas, these ticks often go undetected, making early prevention and tick checks critical after spending time outdoors.Is Prevention Is the Only Protection?Perhaps the most concerning aspect of Powassan virus is the absence of any vaccine or antiviral treatment. Unlike Lyme disease, which can be treated with antibiotics, Powassan has no direct medical countermeasures. The only approach is preventative care—which makes awareness critical.To avoid tick bites, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend the following:Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors, preferably light-colored clothing to easily spot ticksTuck pants into socks or use tape to seal clothing gapsUse insect repellents containing DEET, permethrin, or picaridinStick to the center of hiking trails to avoid brushing against tick-laden bushesCheck for ticks on your body, clothes, pets, and gear immediately after being outdoorsShower and wash clothes in hot water soon after returning insideIf a tick is found, remove it with fine-tipped tweezers as soon as possibleRecent findings from the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEWVEC) reveal a startling truth: while Powassan virus remains rare in reported cases, it may be significantly underdiagnosed.A study published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, led by microbiologist Stephen Rich, highlights that many people bitten by Powassan-positive ticks don’t develop symptoms or seek healthcare. In their passive surveillance study, none of the 38 people bitten by infected ticks reported subsequent illness, suggesting that mild or asymptomatic cases are flying under the radar.The same research revealed that black-legged ticks bite over 1.36 million people annually in the U.S., based on data from the TickReport testing service in Massachusetts. While Lyme disease has a known high transmission rate, the estimated exposure to Powassan virus ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 people annually, many of whom may never realize they were infected.Why Powassan Cases Are Rising?Despite being rare historically, Powassan virus is on the rise in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. In 2024 alone, 54 cases were reported nationwide, with 12 cases in Massachusetts. Over the last decade, human cases have increased fourfold, signaling that the threat is becoming more prevalent.According to the CDC, since 2004, the U.S. has recorded 311 hospitalizations and 44 deaths due to Powassan virus, a number that experts warn may be just the tip of the iceberg.The rise in infections may be fueled by:Climate change, which extends the tick season and habitatGrowing deer populations, which host these ticksHuman encroachment into wooded areas, increasing tick exposureCo-Infections and ComplexityEven more concerning, ticks that test positive for Powassan virus are often co-infected with other dangerous pathogens, including:Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)Babesia microti (Babesiosis)Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasmosis)Borrelia miyamotoiThis means a single tick bite could expose a person to multiple serious illnesses, compounding the risk and complicating diagnosis.

man dies after tick bite ‘blew up’ his brain: what kind of ticks carry the deadly powassan virus?

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On April 21, <span>Hailey Bieber</span> shared a selfie of herself lounging on a couch, and opened up about a recurring health challenge that she has been facing. She wrote on the post "Currently have 3 ovarian cysts", as she uploaded it on her Instagram story. 

In her photo, she rolled up her black tank top to show her stomach, which seemed to be bloated. In the photo, she further wrote: "If you deal with ovarian cysts I'm right there with ya!"

She also clarified that she does not have endometriosis or PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), however, she has had cysts for a few times, and it has been recurring. She said that she had been dealing with it since 2022, and had a cyst "the size of an apple". 

She also clarified for any pregnancy rumor, and said that she was "bloated", and the stomach was "not a baby". She wrote: "It is painful and achey and makes me feel nauseous and bloated and crampy and emotional." 

As per National Health Service, UK, an ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on an ovary. They are very common and do not usually cause any symptoms. Most ovarian cysts occur naturally and go away in a few months without the need of any treatment. 

The ovaries are 2 almond-shaped organs, which are essential part of the female reproductive system. There is one on each side of the womb or the uterus and have two main functions: 

To release an egg approximately every 28 days as part of the menstrual cycle

To release the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, which also play a key role in reproduction 

Ovarian cysts could affect both ovaries at the same tie or one at a time. 

The common symptoms of an ovarian cyst are:

<ul><li>pelvic pain – this can range from a dull, heavy sensation to a sudden, severe and sharp pain</li><li>pain during sex</li><li>difficulty emptying your bowels</li><li>a frequent need to urinate</li><li>heavy periods, irregular periods or lighter periods than normal</li><li>bloating and a swollen tummy</li><li>feeling very full after only eating a little</li><li>difficulty getting pregnant – although fertility is usually unaffected by ovarian cysts</li></ul>

There are two main types of ovarian cysts:

<strong>Functional cysts: </strong>These develop during the menstrual cycle. They’re the most common type, usually harmless, and tend to go away on their own.

<strong>Pathological cysts:</strong> These form due to abnormal cell growth and are much less common.

Sometimes, ovarian cysts can be linked to underlying conditions like endometriosis.

Most ovarian cysts are non-cancerous (benign). However, a small number can be cancerous (malignant), especially in women who have gone through menopause.

If your doctor suspects a cyst, they may refer you for a vaginal ultrasound scan. If a cyst is found, it might be monitored with another scan after a few weeks, or you may be referred to a gynaecologist.

If there's a chance the cyst could be cancerous, your doctor may also recommend blood tests to check for certain chemical markers. Keep in mind, high levels of these markers can also result from non-cancerous issues like:

<ul><li>Endometriosis</li><li>Pelvic infections</li><li>Fibroids</li><li>Your period</li></ul>

<ul><li>The cyst’s size and appearance</li><li>Whether you have symptoms</li><li>Whether you’ve gone through menopause</li></ul>

Often, the cyst goes away in a few months. A follow-up scan may be done to confirm this.

If you're postmenopausal, regular scans and blood tests might be done over a year to monitor the cyst, as the risk of cancer is slightly higher.

Surgery may be needed if the cyst is large, causes symptoms, or might be cancerous.

Most ovarian cysts don’t affect your ability to get pregnant. But in some cases, they can make conception harder.

If surgery is needed, doctors try to preserve your fertility. This could mean:

<ul><li>Removing only the cyst</li><li>Removing one ovary and leaving the other</li><li>In rare cases, both ovaries may need to be removed, which would stop egg production</li></ul>

It’s important to discuss fertility concerns with your surgeon before any operation.

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On April 21, Hailey Bieber shared a selfie of herself lounging on a couch, and opened up about a recurring health challenge that she has been facing. She wrote on the post "Currently have 3 ovarian cysts", as she uploaded it on her Instagram story. In her photo, she rolled up her black tank top to show her stomach, which seemed to be bloated. In the photo, she further wrote: "If you deal with ovarian cysts I'm right there with ya!"She also clarified that she does not have endometriosis or PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome), however, she has had cysts for a few times, and it has been recurring. She said that she had been dealing with it since 2022, and had a cyst "the size of an apple". She also clarified for any pregnancy rumor, and said that she was "bloated", and the stomach was "not a baby". She wrote: "It is painful and achey and makes me feel nauseous and bloated and crampy and emotional." What Are Ovarian Cysts?As per National Health Service, UK, an ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on an ovary. They are very common and do not usually cause any symptoms. Most ovarian cysts occur naturally and go away in a few months without the need of any treatment. The ovaries are 2 almond-shaped organs, which are essential part of the female reproductive system. There is one on each side of the womb or the uterus and have two main functions: To release an egg approximately every 28 days as part of the menstrual cycleTo release the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, which also play a key role in reproduction Ovarian cysts could affect both ovaries at the same tie or one at a time. What Are The Symptoms?The common symptoms of an ovarian cyst are:pelvic pain – this can range from a dull, heavy sensation to a sudden, severe and sharp painpain during sexdifficulty emptying your bowelsa frequent need to urinateheavy periods, irregular periods or lighter periods than normalbloating and a swollen tummyfeeling very full after only eating a littledifficulty getting pregnant – although fertility is usually unaffected by ovarian cystsTypes of Ovarian CystsThere are two main types of ovarian cysts:Functional cysts: These develop during the menstrual cycle. They’re the most common type, usually harmless, and tend to go away on their own.Pathological cysts: These form due to abnormal cell growth and are much less common.Sometimes, ovarian cysts can be linked to underlying conditions like endometriosis.Most ovarian cysts are non-cancerous (benign). However, a small number can be cancerous (malignant), especially in women who have gone through menopause.Diagnosing Ovarian CystsIf your doctor suspects a cyst, they may refer you for a vaginal ultrasound scan. If a cyst is found, it might be monitored with another scan after a few weeks, or you may be referred to a gynaecologist.If there's a chance the cyst could be cancerous, your doctor may also recommend blood tests to check for certain chemical markers. Keep in mind, high levels of these markers can also result from non-cancerous issues like:EndometriosisPelvic infectionsFibroidsYour periodTreating Ovarian CystsTreatment depends on:The cyst’s size and appearanceWhether you have symptomsWhether you’ve gone through menopauseOften, the cyst goes away in a few months. A follow-up scan may be done to confirm this.If you're postmenopausal, regular scans and blood tests might be done over a year to monitor the cyst, as the risk of cancer is slightly higher.Surgery may be needed if the cyst is large, causes symptoms, or might be cancerous.Ovarian Cysts and FertilityMost ovarian cysts don’t affect your ability to get pregnant. But in some cases, they can make conception harder.If surgery is needed, doctors try to preserve your fertility. This could mean:Removing only the cystRemoving one ovary and leaving the otherIn rare cases, both ovaries may need to be removed, which would stop egg productionIt’s important to discuss fertility concerns with your surgeon before any operation.

hailey bieber is battling with ovarian cysts, all that you need to know about it

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