Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

8 Crucial Things To Tell Your Doctor About Your Migraine Headaches

Individuals as young as 16 years old suddenly begin developing "bad headaches" which ultimately become a lot worse—excruciating pain, nausea, and days spent lying in dark rooms. And most of the time these "headaches' are dismissed as tension headache, or because of too much screen time but it always pays to steer clear of all the frustration, inappropriate medications, and endless visits to the doctor by telling your doctor the very specifics of your headache.

Migraine is more than a headache. It's a complicated neurological disorder affecting millions of individuals globally, tending to disrupt daily life with intense pain, nausea, and sensory sensitivities. Although widespread, migraine remains poorly understood, and therefore many sufferers go years without an accurate diagnosis or adequate treatment protocol. If you suffer from migraine attacks, being an advocate for yourself in medical visits is important. Here's a complete guide on what to talk to your doctor about so you can get the best possible treatment.

Migraine is a neurological and genetic disorder caused by a variety of biological and environmental stimuli. In contrast to ordinary headaches, migraine attacks may be incapacitating, lasting from a few hours to several days. Symptoms vary from intense, throbbing pain on one side of the head to nausea, vomiting, and increased sensitivity to light and sound.

<h2>Things You Should Tell Your Doctor About Your Migraine</h2>

Others also have an "aura" prior to an attack, and this can take the form of visual disturbances, tingling in the face or extremities, or trouble speaking. Since it is so complex, explaining your experiences and symptoms to your doctor in clear terms is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.

<h4>1. Describe Your Head Pain in Detail</h4>

One of the most critical aspects of diagnosing migraine is the ability to describe your head pain accurately. Use descriptive terms to help your doctor understand the nature and severity of your pain. Common migraine pain descriptors include:

<ul><li>Throbbing or pulsating</li><li>Sharp or stabbing</li><li>Crushing or pressure-like</li><li>Burning or tingling</li><li>Ice pick-like or hot poker sensation</li></ul>

Also, rating your pain using the 0-10 pain scale (with zero being no pain at all and 10 representing the most painful imaginable) can assist your physician in judging the intensity of your migraine attacks.

<h4>2. Track Your Symptoms and Triggers</h4>

Maintaining a migraine diary is an easy way to record your symptoms as well as any possible triggers. Your physician will want this data in order to figure out patterns and choose the right treatment. Key items to monitor are:

<ul><li>At what time of day do your attacks usually happen? Are they associated with certain times of day, hormonal fluctuations, or levels of stress?</li><li>How long do your migraine attacks last? How often do you have them?</li><li>Do you have nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sensitivity to light, or an aura before the headache begins?</li><li>General triggers are particular foods (chocolate, caffeine, alcohol), sleep problems, stress, potent odors, changes in the weather, and hormonal changes.</li></ul>

<h4>3. Talk About Your Family Medical History</h4>

Migraine often runs in families. If any of your close relatives have a history of migraine, it is essential to inform your doctor. Research indicates that if one parent has migraine, there is a 50% chance their child will also experience it, and this likelihood increases to 75% if both parents have the condition. Understanding your genetic predisposition can help your doctor tailor a treatment plan that considers potential hereditary factors.

<h4>4. Share How Migraine Impacts Your Everyday Life</h4>

Migraine isn't all about headache—it can really take a toll on your quality of life. Talk about how your migraine attacks influence your work, daily activities, and relationships. If your symptoms keep you away from work a lot or restrict your participation in social activities, your physician should know. This can impact decisions about treatment choices, such as preventive medications or lifestyle changes.

<h4>5. Report Changes in Your Mood and Mental Health</h4>

<span>Chronic migraine</span> can affect your emotional health. Research indicates that people with migraine are five times more likely to have depression, and as many as 50% of people with chronic migraine also have anxiety. Stress and emotional distress may also serve as triggers, making it a vicious cycle. If you have symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress-related problems, talk to your doctor. The treatment of mental health issues is an important aspect of total migraine care.

<h4>6. Talk about Past Treatments and How They Worked</h4>

If you've ever tried some medication or other treatment in the past, be it over the counter or prescribed, let your doctor know about it. Such important information that you should communicate includes:

<ul><li>Which medications have you tried? (E.g., triptans, beta-blockers, antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, pain medications)</li><li>Were they effective for pain or frequency reduction?</li><li>Did they have any side effects?</li></ul>

Did you use any non-medication treatments such as acupuncture, dietary modifications, or cognitive behavior therapy?

This information assists your physician in deciding whether to change your current treatment, attempt other medications, or investigate novel treatment methods, including Botox injections or CGRP inhibitors.

<h4>7. Discuss Your Sleep Habits and Lifestyle Issues</h4>

Sleep deprivation is a common migraine trigger. If you have sleep problems like insomnia, daytime excessive sleepiness, or non-regular sleep patterns, tell your physician. Also, bring up lifestyle issues, such as:

<ul><li>Diet and hydration: Do food or not drinking enough water initiate migraine attacks?</li><li>Exercise habits: Does exercise trigger or prevent your migraines?</li><li>Caffeine and alcohol intake: These products are <span rel="noindex">migraine triggers</span> in some individuals.</li></ul>

Your physician can suggest lifestyle changes in your daily life that can decrease the number of and intensity of migraine attacks.

<h4>8. Manage Hormonal Changes and Their Effect on Migraine</h4>

For a lot of women, migraine attacks have a direct correlation with changes in hormones. If you experience more migraine attacks just before your menstrual period, during pregnancy, or menopause, talk to your physician. Changes in hormones can affect the frequency of migraines, and certain treatments such as hormonal therapy or birth control medication may be useful in controlling symptoms.

The American Migraine Foundation provides useful resources to guide you through migraine management and enhance your quality of life. If you don't feel heard or your treatment is not effective, don't be afraid to get a second opinion or try new treatments. Migraine management is a collaboration between you and your physician—your voice and experiences are important in determining the best route to relief.

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Individuals as young as 16 years old suddenly begin developing "bad headaches" which ultimately become a lot worse—excruciating pain, nausea, and days spent lying in dark rooms. And most of the time these "headaches' are dismissed as tension headache, or because of too much screen time but it always pays to steer clear of all the frustration, inappropriate medications, and endless visits to the doctor by telling your doctor the very specifics of your headache.Migraine is more than a headache. It's a complicated neurological disorder affecting millions of individuals globally, tending to disrupt daily life with intense pain, nausea, and sensory sensitivities. Although widespread, migraine remains poorly understood, and therefore many sufferers go years without an accurate diagnosis or adequate treatment protocol. If you suffer from migraine attacks, being an advocate for yourself in medical visits is important. Here's a complete guide on what to talk to your doctor about so you can get the best possible treatment.Migraine is a neurological and genetic disorder caused by a variety of biological and environmental stimuli. In contrast to ordinary headaches, migraine attacks may be incapacitating, lasting from a few hours to several days. Symptoms vary from intense, throbbing pain on one side of the head to nausea, vomiting, and increased sensitivity to light and sound.Things You Should Tell Your Doctor About Your MigraineOthers also have an "aura" prior to an attack, and this can take the form of visual disturbances, tingling in the face or extremities, or trouble speaking. Since it is so complex, explaining your experiences and symptoms to your doctor in clear terms is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.1. Describe Your Head Pain in DetailOne of the most critical aspects of diagnosing migraine is the ability to describe your head pain accurately. Use descriptive terms to help your doctor understand the nature and severity of your pain. Common migraine pain descriptors include:Throbbing or pulsatingSharp or stabbingCrushing or pressure-likeBurning or tinglingIce pick-like or hot poker sensationAlso, rating your pain using the 0-10 pain scale (with zero being no pain at all and 10 representing the most painful imaginable) can assist your physician in judging the intensity of your migraine attacks.2. Track Your Symptoms and TriggersMaintaining a migraine diary is an easy way to record your symptoms as well as any possible triggers. Your physician will want this data in order to figure out patterns and choose the right treatment. Key items to monitor are:At what time of day do your attacks usually happen? Are they associated with certain times of day, hormonal fluctuations, or levels of stress?How long do your migraine attacks last? How often do you have them?Do you have nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sensitivity to light, or an aura before the headache begins?General triggers are particular foods (chocolate, caffeine, alcohol), sleep problems, stress, potent odors, changes in the weather, and hormonal changes.3. Talk About Your Family Medical HistoryMigraine often runs in families. If any of your close relatives have a history of migraine, it is essential to inform your doctor. Research indicates that if one parent has migraine, there is a 50% chance their child will also experience it, and this likelihood increases to 75% if both parents have the condition. Understanding your genetic predisposition can help your doctor tailor a treatment plan that considers potential hereditary factors.4. Share How Migraine Impacts Your Everyday LifeMigraine isn't all about headache—it can really take a toll on your quality of life. Talk about how your migraine attacks influence your work, daily activities, and relationships. If your symptoms keep you away from work a lot or restrict your participation in social activities, your physician should know. This can impact decisions about treatment choices, such as preventive medications or lifestyle changes.5. Report Changes in Your Mood and Mental HealthChronic migraine can affect your emotional health. Research indicates that people with migraine are five times more likely to have depression, and as many as 50% of people with chronic migraine also have anxiety. Stress and emotional distress may also serve as triggers, making it a vicious cycle. If you have symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress-related problems, talk to your doctor. The treatment of mental health issues is an important aspect of total migraine care.6. Talk about Past Treatments and How They WorkedIf you've ever tried some medication or other treatment in the past, be it over the counter or prescribed, let your doctor know about it. Such important information that you should communicate includes:Which medications have you tried? (E.g., triptans, beta-blockers, antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, pain medications)Were they effective for pain or frequency reduction?Did they have any side effects?Did you use any non-medication treatments such as acupuncture, dietary modifications, or cognitive behavior therapy?This information assists your physician in deciding whether to change your current treatment, attempt other medications, or investigate novel treatment methods, including Botox injections or CGRP inhibitors.7. Discuss Your Sleep Habits and Lifestyle IssuesSleep deprivation is a common migraine trigger. If you have sleep problems like insomnia, daytime excessive sleepiness, or non-regular sleep patterns, tell your physician. Also, bring up lifestyle issues, such as:Diet and hydration: Do food or not drinking enough water initiate migraine attacks?Exercise habits: Does exercise trigger or prevent your migraines?Caffeine and alcohol intake: These products are migraine triggers in some individuals.Your physician can suggest lifestyle changes in your daily life that can decrease the number of and intensity of migraine attacks.8. Manage Hormonal Changes and Their Effect on MigraineFor a lot of women, migraine attacks have a direct correlation with changes in hormones. If you experience more migraine attacks just before your menstrual period, during pregnancy, or menopause, talk to your physician. Changes in hormones can affect the frequency of migraines, and certain treatments such as hormonal therapy or birth control medication may be useful in controlling symptoms.The American Migraine Foundation provides useful resources to guide you through migraine management and enhance your quality of life. If you don't feel heard or your treatment is not effective, don't be afraid to get a second opinion or try new treatments. Migraine management is a collaboration between you and your physician—your voice and experiences are important in determining the best route to relief.

8 crucial things to tell your doctor about your migraine headaches

Ishita Roy

How VR and Gaming Aid Brain Surgery Rehab

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Things are constantly changing and revolutionising in the health system. Thanks to technologies, there are now new ways to "heal". One such way is by indulging yourself in to the world of virtual reality and gaming, writes Dr Sathyanarayana LD, Consultant neurosurgeon at Narayana Health, Bengaluru for South First. 

He notes that many people undergo surgery to remove brain tumors, which are one of the most complex and could be life-altering conditions for someone to face. Brain tumors could be benign or malignant, however, both affects the person's speech, motor function, memory, and their ability to perform day-to-day activities. This is the reason why, post-surgery, patients may be left with impairments, including physical, cognitive, and emotional. But thanks to technological advancement in the field of health, virtual reality (VR) and gaming have become "powerful tools for neurorehabilitation". 

Dr Sathyanarayana notes that these means are not just for entertainment anymore. Since these means offer a more immersive and interactive experience, they have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and also speed up the healing process, post-surgery. 

The doctor notes that recovering from brain surgery is an intricate and lengthy journey. The brain does not return to full function immediately after the procedure; instead, it must gradually rebuild and rewire itself to regain what was lost.

This remarkable ability of the brain to reorganize and adapt, shaped by continuous learning and experience, is called neuroplasticity. It is through neuroplasticity that the brain creates new neural pathways to compensate for damaged areas and restore lost capabilities. In this complex process of rebuilding, gaming and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as powerful allies.

VR places patients in immersive, computer-generated environments that stimulate multiple senses at once—sight, sound, and even body awareness, known as proprioception. These rich sensory experiences actively engage different areas of the brain, sparking changes at the synaptic level, where neurons communicate with each other.

By simultaneously activating motor, sensory, and cognitive regions of the brain, VR encourages synaptic plasticity and broader neural reorganization. This multi-layered engagement fosters a more cohesive and efficient path to recovery, helping the brain rebuild its networks in a meaningful and impactful way.

<h4>Relearning Movement Through Virtual Play</h4>

Post-surgery, many patients face motor impairments like weakness or poor coordination. Virtual reality offers a safe and stimulating space to relearn movement through repetition and task-specific training—key elements for motor recovery.

For instance, VR games that simulate cricket—batting, catching, or goalkeeping—encourage repeated use of the shoulder, arm, and hand, helping restore motor skills. These games also adapt in difficulty and provide real-time feedback, keeping patients motivated while preventing fatigue.

Watching and participating in virtual activities also stimulates mirror neurons—cells involved in motor learning—which may strengthen communication between remaining healthy brain circuits and support recovery.

<h4>Training the Brain to Think Again</h4>

Beyond physical rehabilitation, brain surgery often impacts attention, memory, decision-making, and problem-solving. Gaming and VR can simulate real-life tasks in a structured, repeatable way, challenging cognitive functions in an enjoyable format.

Games involving memory recall, puzzles, and strategic decision-making push the brain to stay active. Over time, this improves working memory, executive function, and mental sharpness—key components of cognitive healing.

<h4>Emotional Healing in a Virtual World</h4>

Recovery is not just physical or cognitive—it’s deeply emotional too. Patients may feel anxious, depressed, or lose confidence. Immersive VR experiences can provide psychological comfort by offering calming spaces or achievement-oriented challenges.

These environments give patients a chance to see their progress, rebuild self-esteem, and stay hopeful—factors that are vital for long-term motivation and adherence to recovery routines.

<h4>Why VR and Gaming Work in Neurorehab</h4>

<strong>Repetition with engagement</strong>: Games make repetitive rehab feel enjoyable, which is essential for promoting neuroplasticity.

<strong>Customized progress: </strong>VR systems offer real-time biofeedback and adaptive difficulty, ensuring that challenges remain effective and engaging without overwhelming the patient.

<strong>Affordable and scalable: </strong>Innovations from institutions like IIIT Hyderabad’s Serious Games Lab are making VR solutions accessible and low-cost, even for rural and public healthcare settings.

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health and wellness

brain tumor

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can gaming help after brain surgery

Things are constantly changing and revolutionising in the health system. Thanks to technologies, there are now new ways to "heal". One such way is by indulging yourself in to the world of virtual reality and gaming, writes Dr Sathyanarayana LD, Consultant neurosurgeon at Narayana Health, Bengaluru for South First. He notes that many people undergo surgery to remove brain tumors, which are one of the most complex and could be life-altering conditions for someone to face. Brain tumors could be benign or malignant, however, both affects the person's speech, motor function, memory, and their ability to perform day-to-day activities. This is the reason why, post-surgery, patients may be left with impairments, including physical, cognitive, and emotional. But thanks to technological advancement in the field of health, virtual reality (VR) and gaming have become "powerful tools for neurorehabilitation". Dr Sathyanarayana notes that these means are not just for entertainment anymore. Since these means offer a more immersive and interactive experience, they have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and also speed up the healing process, post-surgery. How Does It Work? Why Does It Work?The doctor notes that recovering from brain surgery is an intricate and lengthy journey. The brain does not return to full function immediately after the procedure; instead, it must gradually rebuild and rewire itself to regain what was lost.This remarkable ability of the brain to reorganize and adapt, shaped by continuous learning and experience, is called neuroplasticity. It is through neuroplasticity that the brain creates new neural pathways to compensate for damaged areas and restore lost capabilities. In this complex process of rebuilding, gaming and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as powerful allies.VR places patients in immersive, computer-generated environments that stimulate multiple senses at once—sight, sound, and even body awareness, known as proprioception. These rich sensory experiences actively engage different areas of the brain, sparking changes at the synaptic level, where neurons communicate with each other.By simultaneously activating motor, sensory, and cognitive regions of the brain, VR encourages synaptic plasticity and broader neural reorganization. This multi-layered engagement fosters a more cohesive and efficient path to recovery, helping the brain rebuild its networks in a meaningful and impactful way.Relearning Movement Through Virtual PlayPost-surgery, many patients face motor impairments like weakness or poor coordination. Virtual reality offers a safe and stimulating space to relearn movement through repetition and task-specific training—key elements for motor recovery.For instance, VR games that simulate cricket—batting, catching, or goalkeeping—encourage repeated use of the shoulder, arm, and hand, helping restore motor skills. These games also adapt in difficulty and provide real-time feedback, keeping patients motivated while preventing fatigue.Watching and participating in virtual activities also stimulates mirror neurons—cells involved in motor learning—which may strengthen communication between remaining healthy brain circuits and support recovery.Training the Brain to Think AgainBeyond physical rehabilitation, brain surgery often impacts attention, memory, decision-making, and problem-solving. Gaming and VR can simulate real-life tasks in a structured, repeatable way, challenging cognitive functions in an enjoyable format.Games involving memory recall, puzzles, and strategic decision-making push the brain to stay active. Over time, this improves working memory, executive function, and mental sharpness—key components of cognitive healing.Emotional Healing in a Virtual WorldRecovery is not just physical or cognitive—it’s deeply emotional too. Patients may feel anxious, depressed, or lose confidence. Immersive VR experiences can provide psychological comfort by offering calming spaces or achievement-oriented challenges.These environments give patients a chance to see their progress, rebuild self-esteem, and stay hopeful—factors that are vital for long-term motivation and adherence to recovery routines.Why VR and Gaming Work in NeurorehabRepetition with engagement: Games make repetitive rehab feel enjoyable, which is essential for promoting neuroplasticity.Customized progress: VR systems offer real-time biofeedback and adaptive difficulty, ensuring that challenges remain effective and engaging without overwhelming the patient.Affordable and scalable: Innovations from institutions like IIIT Hyderabad’s Serious Games Lab are making VR solutions accessible and low-cost, even for rural and public healthcare settings.

how vr and gaming aid in brain surgery rehab

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When Canada first passed its assisted dying legislation, also known as the Bill C-14 in 2016, it soon became a landmark in healthcare and personal autonomy. It is officially known as Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and was initially available only to those adults who were terminally ill. The eligibility criteria had strict parameters: the person had to be suffering from a "serious and incurable illness", be in an "advanced sate of irreversible decline", experience "intolerable suffering", and crucially their natural death had to be "reasonable foreseeable". 

This legal threshold was also known as Track 1. This was modeled on end-of-life care and largely served people with terminal cancer or other severe illness who wanted control over their dying process. Track 1 is a relatively swift procedure, with some patients receiving MAID within a day of applying. 

However, many Canadians live with severe, non-terminal conditions and they felt left out. These were people with degenerative diseases, chronic pain, or spinal injuries. They had and continued to suffer deeply, but were not imminently dying. They also began to request for MAID, however, were routinely denied.

<strong>ALSO READ: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-wellness/what-are-the-dutch-guidelines-of-active-euthanasia-and-the-countries-that-allow-it-article-151101970" data-type="tilCustomLink">What Are The Dutch Guidelines Of Active Euthanasia And The Countries That Allow It</a></strong>

This led to a legal challenge by Jean Truchon, reports The New York Times. He is a man with spastic cerebral palsy whose suffering wasn’t deemed terminal. In 2019, a Quebec court ruled that the “reasonably foreseeable death” clause was unconstitutional. This case prompted the introduction of Bill C-7 in 2021, which created Track 2 — extending MAID eligibility to people with serious, incurable conditions causing enduring suffering, even if their deaths weren’t foreseeable.

Track 2 includes additional safeguards: a 90-day assessment period, evaluation by two independent clinicians, and consultation with specialists if necessary. Applicants must also be informed of other ways to alleviate their suffering and show they’ve seriously considered those options. While mental illness alone was technically included under Track 2, implementation has been delayed until 2027 due to concerns about inadequate mental health infrastructure.

Despite its tighter process and ethical complexities, Track 2 MAID has steadily gained use. In 2023, there were 622 deaths under Track 2 compared to 14,721 under Track 1. Still, Track 2 has ignited national debate, with critics claiming it opens the door to premature death among vulnerable populations — and supporters defending it as a compassionate choice for those trapped in non-terminal agony.

<h4>Paula Ritchie And The Doctor Who Stepped Forward To Assess Track 2 Patients</h4>

A 52-year-old woman from Smith Falls, Ontario had a far from simple case, assessed by Dr Matt Wonnacott, who agreed to assess Track 2 patients. He believed that these patients too had the right to autonomy and must be able to guide care decision, including the right to choose death when suffering becomes unbearable, reports The New York Times. 

Paula had a long history of chronic pain and mental health challenges: fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and more. But things got worse in early 2023 after a head injury. She began experiencing vertigo, migraines, uncontrollable muscle movements, and an overwhelming dizziness that made even basic tasks impossible.

Doctors failed to find a physical cause. Some attributed her symptoms to psychological distress, while others diagnosed post-concussion syndrome. Treatments ranged from Percocet and Ativan to acupuncture and reiki, but nothing worked. Paula’s life shrank to a single room, her body wracked with pain, her mind spinning. She tried to end her life — and failed.

<strong>YOU MAY WANT TO READ: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-wellness/plea-of-chilean-woman-with-muscular-dystrophy-sparks-national-debate-on-euthanasia-bill-article-151554844" data-type="tilCustomLink">Plea of Chilean Woman With Muscular Dystrophy Sparks National Debate on Euthanasia Bill</a></strong>

Frustrated by her inability to access help or relief, Paula began pursuing MAID. Her first request was denied. But she persisted, calling the regional MAID coordination center daily until she was finally reassessed by Wonnacott and a psychiatrist, Dr. Elspeth MacEwan.

During the assessment, Wonnacott asked if she would wait five years for a hypothetical cure. Paula said no — she could barely get through a day. She felt tortured. A veterinarian, she told a friend, would euthanize a dog in better shape.

Importantly, Wonnacott found her reasoning sound. She was not acting out of untreated mental illness or impulsivity. She had sought treatment. She had given it time. And she had thought carefully about her request. MacEwan agreed. Paula met the criteria under Track 2.

Canada health news

euthanasia

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When Canada first passed its assisted dying legislation, also known as the Bill C-14 in 2016, it soon became a landmark in healthcare and personal autonomy. It is officially known as Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and was initially available only to those adults who were terminally ill. The eligibility criteria had strict parameters: the person had to be suffering from a "serious and incurable illness", be in an "advanced sate of irreversible decline", experience "intolerable suffering", and crucially their natural death had to be "reasonable foreseeable". This legal threshold was also known as Track 1. This was modeled on end-of-life care and largely served people with terminal cancer or other severe illness who wanted control over their dying process. Track 1 is a relatively swift procedure, with some patients receiving MAID within a day of applying. However, many Canadians live with severe, non-terminal conditions and they felt left out. These were people with degenerative diseases, chronic pain, or spinal injuries. They had and continued to suffer deeply, but were not imminently dying. They also began to request for MAID, however, were routinely denied.ALSO READ: What Are The Dutch Guidelines Of Active Euthanasia And The Countries That Allow ItThis led to a legal challenge by Jean Truchon, reports The New York Times. He is a man with spastic cerebral palsy whose suffering wasn’t deemed terminal. In 2019, a Quebec court ruled that the “reasonably foreseeable death” clause was unconstitutional. This case prompted the introduction of Bill C-7 in 2021, which created Track 2 — extending MAID eligibility to people with serious, incurable conditions causing enduring suffering, even if their deaths weren’t foreseeable.Track 2 includes additional safeguards: a 90-day assessment period, evaluation by two independent clinicians, and consultation with specialists if necessary. Applicants must also be informed of other ways to alleviate their suffering and show they’ve seriously considered those options. While mental illness alone was technically included under Track 2, implementation has been delayed until 2027 due to concerns about inadequate mental health infrastructure.Despite its tighter process and ethical complexities, Track 2 MAID has steadily gained use. In 2023, there were 622 deaths under Track 2 compared to 14,721 under Track 1. Still, Track 2 has ignited national debate, with critics claiming it opens the door to premature death among vulnerable populations — and supporters defending it as a compassionate choice for those trapped in non-terminal agony.Paula Ritchie And The Doctor Who Stepped Forward To Assess Track 2 PatientsA 52-year-old woman from Smith Falls, Ontario had a far from simple case, assessed by Dr Matt Wonnacott, who agreed to assess Track 2 patients. He believed that these patients too had the right to autonomy and must be able to guide care decision, including the right to choose death when suffering becomes unbearable, reports The New York Times. Paula had a long history of chronic pain and mental health challenges: fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and more. But things got worse in early 2023 after a head injury. She began experiencing vertigo, migraines, uncontrollable muscle movements, and an overwhelming dizziness that made even basic tasks impossible.Doctors failed to find a physical cause. Some attributed her symptoms to psychological distress, while others diagnosed post-concussion syndrome. Treatments ranged from Percocet and Ativan to acupuncture and reiki, but nothing worked. Paula’s life shrank to a single room, her body wracked with pain, her mind spinning. She tried to end her life — and failed.YOU MAY WANT TO READ: Plea of Chilean Woman With Muscular Dystrophy Sparks National Debate on Euthanasia BillFrustrated by her inability to access help or relief, Paula began pursuing MAID. Her first request was denied. But she persisted, calling the regional MAID coordination center daily until she was finally reassessed by Wonnacott and a psychiatrist, Dr. Elspeth MacEwan.During the assessment, Wonnacott asked if she would wait five years for a hypothetical cure. Paula said no — she could barely get through a day. She felt tortured. A veterinarian, she told a friend, would euthanize a dog in better shape.Importantly, Wonnacott found her reasoning sound. She was not acting out of untreated mental illness or impulsivity. She had sought treatment. She had given it time. And she had thought carefully about her request. MacEwan agreed. Paula met the criteria under Track 2.

can right to die be practiced by non-terminally ill patients?

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As teens across the globe fall into later bedtimes, a growing body of research suggests this seemingly harmless habit could be more than just a phase. According to a recent study presented at the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), teenagers who identify as “night owls” may be biologically predisposed to impulsive and even self-destructive behaviors—raising red flags about adolescent mental health, sleep hygiene, and broader lifestyle risks.

Teenagers who prefer staying up late and waking up late exhibit a higher tendency for impulsiveness, particularly when experiencing negative emotions, the study found. Led by Riya Mirchandaney, a doctoral candidate in clinical-health psychology at the University of Pittsburgh, the research analyzed 210 teenagers across two studies. Participants completed sleep pattern surveys, wore wrist trackers for a week, provided saliva samples to measure melatonin levels, and underwent impulsivity assessments.

Interestingly, the findings challenge long-standing assumptions about melatonin and circadian rhythm. Researchers did not find a significant correlation between dim light melatonin onset—a common measure of the body’s internal clock—and impulsive behavior. Instead, the teens' self-reported preference for staying up late was more strongly associated with behaviors like quitting challenging tasks prematurely or acting out when distressed.

"Surprisingly, we did not find a significant link between dim light melatonin onset and impulsivity in our sample," Mirchandaney stated. "This suggests that there may be unmeasured psychological or behavioral factors influencing both impulsivity and the self-assessment of circadian preference."

The implications of these findings go beyond mood swings and grumpy mornings. Sleep plays a pivotal role in adolescent brain development, physical health, and emotional regulation. When teens fall short of the recommended 8–10 hours of nightly sleep, the ripple effects can touch every corner of their lives—from the classroom to the emergency room.

Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has long pointed out that teens who sleep less than the recommended amount are at greater risk of engaging in dangerous behaviors such as substance use, unprotected sex, reckless driving, and even physical violence. Lack of sleep also affects the prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for judgment and impulse control—making adolescents more prone to risk-taking without fully considering consequences.

What’s Causing the Delay in Teen Sleep Patterns?

The shift toward a night owl schedule in adolescence isn’t purely behavioral—it has biological roots. As teens enter puberty, their circadian rhythms naturally shift. Melatonin, the hormone that promotes sleep, begins releasing later in the evening, making it difficult for teens to fall asleep early, even if they try.

This internal shift clashes with rigid school start times, often requiring students to wake up around 6 or 7 a.m., long before their biological clock is ready. Over time, this chronic misalignment leads to what sleep scientists call “social jetlag,” a condition linked to increased stress, depression, anxiety, and now, potentially, impulsive tendencies.

There’s a well-documented, bidirectional relationship between poor sleep and mental health issues. Teens who don’t sleep well are more likely to report anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. At the same time, those experiencing mental health challenges often find it harder to fall and stay asleep.

This loop can create a dangerous feedback cycle: emotional instability leads to sleep disturbances, which in turn worsen mental health. With impulsivity now added to the equation, the concern grows deeper. Reckless decisions made in moments of emotional volatility—especially when amplified by sleep deprivation—could have life-altering consequences.

Physical Development and Chronic Illness Risk

Sleep is essential for hormonal regulation, immune function, muscle recovery, and overall growth—all crucial during the adolescent years. Poor sleep habits have been linked to increased risk of developing chronic conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic profile of sleep-deprived teens, including elevated blood pressure and cholesterol, mirrors that of adults on the path to chronic illness.

The short answer: no. According to the CDC, approximately 70% of high school students in the United States do not get enough sleep on school nights. The numbers are even more troubling for girls, older teens, and students from Black, Asian, or multiracial backgrounds.

A combination of early school schedules, excessive academic and extracurricular demands, and digital device usage—often past midnight—makes consistent, high-quality sleep an elusive goal for most adolescents.

Teens today are more connected than ever. Phones, tablets, and laptops are often a constant companion—even in bed. The blue light emitted by screens interferes with melatonin production, delaying sleep even further. Notifications and alerts disrupt sleep cycles, and the mental stimulation from social media can keep teens emotionally activated long after they’ve turned off the lights.

Meanwhile, the stress of juggling academics, sports, part-time jobs, and social obligations only adds fuel to the fire. Many teens end up sacrificing sleep in order to meet all their commitments, not realizing the cognitive and emotional toll this can take.

Start with Awareness: Parents should regularly talk to teens about their sleep habits and observe changes in mood, focus, or risk-taking behaviors.

Promote Good Sleep Hygiene: Encourage consistent sleep schedules, wind-down routines, screen-free bedrooms, and calming nighttime environments.

Advocate for Policy Change: Several studies have shown that delaying school start times improves attendance, academic performance, and reduces teen car accidents. Parents can work with school boards to push for healthier schedules.

Manage Expectations and Time: Help teens prioritize their activities and make sure they’re not overscheduled. A balanced life makes room for sleep.

Professional Support: If poor sleep is affecting a teen’s daily functioning, consult a pediatrician or sleep specialist. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has shown promise in helping adolescents reset sleep patterns.

The new findings about night owls and impulsivity add yet another layer to our understanding of adolescent sleep. It’s not just about how many hours teens sleep—it’s when and how they sleep that matters. As researchers continue to uncover the profound impacts of circadian rhythm disruptions, one thing is clear: improving sleep in teenagers is no longer optional—it’s essential for safeguarding their future.

teen sleep habits

impulsive teens

teen mental health

adolescent sleep deprivation

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reckless teen behavior

teenage brain development

As teens across the globe fall into later bedtimes, a growing body of research suggests this seemingly harmless habit could be more than just a phase. According to a recent study presented at the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), teenagers who identify as “night owls” may be biologically predisposed to impulsive and even self-destructive behaviors—raising red flags about adolescent mental health, sleep hygiene, and broader lifestyle risks.Teenagers who prefer staying up late and waking up late exhibit a higher tendency for impulsiveness, particularly when experiencing negative emotions, the study found. Led by Riya Mirchandaney, a doctoral candidate in clinical-health psychology at the University of Pittsburgh, the research analyzed 210 teenagers across two studies. Participants completed sleep pattern surveys, wore wrist trackers for a week, provided saliva samples to measure melatonin levels, and underwent impulsivity assessments.Interestingly, the findings challenge long-standing assumptions about melatonin and circadian rhythm. Researchers did not find a significant correlation between dim light melatonin onset—a common measure of the body’s internal clock—and impulsive behavior. Instead, the teens' self-reported preference for staying up late was more strongly associated with behaviors like quitting challenging tasks prematurely or acting out when distressed."Surprisingly, we did not find a significant link between dim light melatonin onset and impulsivity in our sample," Mirchandaney stated. "This suggests that there may be unmeasured psychological or behavioral factors influencing both impulsivity and the self-assessment of circadian preference."The implications of these findings go beyond mood swings and grumpy mornings. Sleep plays a pivotal role in adolescent brain development, physical health, and emotional regulation. When teens fall short of the recommended 8–10 hours of nightly sleep, the ripple effects can touch every corner of their lives—from the classroom to the emergency room.Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has long pointed out that teens who sleep less than the recommended amount are at greater risk of engaging in dangerous behaviors such as substance use, unprotected sex, reckless driving, and even physical violence. Lack of sleep also affects the prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for judgment and impulse control—making adolescents more prone to risk-taking without fully considering consequences.What’s Causing the Delay in Teen Sleep Patterns?The shift toward a night owl schedule in adolescence isn’t purely behavioral—it has biological roots. As teens enter puberty, their circadian rhythms naturally shift. Melatonin, the hormone that promotes sleep, begins releasing later in the evening, making it difficult for teens to fall asleep early, even if they try.This internal shift clashes with rigid school start times, often requiring students to wake up around 6 or 7 a.m., long before their biological clock is ready. Over time, this chronic misalignment leads to what sleep scientists call “social jetlag,” a condition linked to increased stress, depression, anxiety, and now, potentially, impulsive tendencies.There’s a well-documented, bidirectional relationship between poor sleep and mental health issues. Teens who don’t sleep well are more likely to report anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. At the same time, those experiencing mental health challenges often find it harder to fall and stay asleep.This loop can create a dangerous feedback cycle: emotional instability leads to sleep disturbances, which in turn worsen mental health. With impulsivity now added to the equation, the concern grows deeper. Reckless decisions made in moments of emotional volatility—especially when amplified by sleep deprivation—could have life-altering consequences.Physical Development and Chronic Illness RiskSleep is essential for hormonal regulation, immune function, muscle recovery, and overall growth—all crucial during the adolescent years. Poor sleep habits have been linked to increased risk of developing chronic conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic profile of sleep-deprived teens, including elevated blood pressure and cholesterol, mirrors that of adults on the path to chronic illness.Are Teens Actually Getting Enough Sleep?The short answer: no. According to the CDC, approximately 70% of high school students in the United States do not get enough sleep on school nights. The numbers are even more troubling for girls, older teens, and students from Black, Asian, or multiracial backgrounds.A combination of early school schedules, excessive academic and extracurricular demands, and digital device usage—often past midnight—makes consistent, high-quality sleep an elusive goal for most adolescents.Role of Technology and Lifestyle ChoicesTeens today are more connected than ever. Phones, tablets, and laptops are often a constant companion—even in bed. The blue light emitted by screens interferes with melatonin production, delaying sleep even further. Notifications and alerts disrupt sleep cycles, and the mental stimulation from social media can keep teens emotionally activated long after they’ve turned off the lights.Meanwhile, the stress of juggling academics, sports, part-time jobs, and social obligations only adds fuel to the fire. Many teens end up sacrificing sleep in order to meet all their commitments, not realizing the cognitive and emotional toll this can take.Start with Awareness: Parents should regularly talk to teens about their sleep habits and observe changes in mood, focus, or risk-taking behaviors.Promote Good Sleep Hygiene: Encourage consistent sleep schedules, wind-down routines, screen-free bedrooms, and calming nighttime environments.Advocate for Policy Change: Several studies have shown that delaying school start times improves attendance, academic performance, and reduces teen car accidents. Parents can work with school boards to push for healthier schedules.Manage Expectations and Time: Help teens prioritize their activities and make sure they’re not overscheduled. A balanced life makes room for sleep.Professional Support: If poor sleep is affecting a teen’s daily functioning, consult a pediatrician or sleep specialist. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has shown promise in helping adolescents reset sleep patterns.The new findings about night owls and impulsivity add yet another layer to our understanding of adolescent sleep. It’s not just about how many hours teens sleep—it’s when and how they sleep that matters. As researchers continue to uncover the profound impacts of circadian rhythm disruptions, one thing is clear: improving sleep in teenagers is no longer optional—it’s essential for safeguarding their future.

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