Plastic pollution is no longer just an environmental problem—it's now a major public health concern. Tiny plastic particles, known as microplastics, have made their way into nearly every part of our daily lives, from the food we eat to the water we drink. These microplastics are not only harming the environment but are also posing serious risks to our health.What Are Microplastics?Microplastics are small plastic pieces, less than 5 millimetres in size, that come from broken-down larger plastics or are directly manufactured at that size. They are found in everyday items such as water bottles, packaging, and cosmetics. Over time, these tiny particles make their way into our oceans, rivers, soil, and air. Sadly, this means we are unintentionally consuming them through our food and water.According to environmental experts, including Rajeev Aacharya from the Indian Water Works Association in Mumbai, the increase in plastic waste, particularly microplastics, is creating significant health risks. Microplastics have been found not only in the food chain but also in the air we breathe, making it hard to escape their harmful effects.Global Efforts to Combat Plastic PollutionOn a global level, the seriousness of this issue is gaining attention. In 2024, the United Nations proposed a new treaty aimed at reducing plastic pollution. This treaty focuses on cutting down plastic production and use, addressing the entire life cycle of plastic—from creation to disposal.Several international conferences have been organized to discuss solutions. A key conference held in April 2024 in Ottawa, Canada, centred around a global treaty to fight plastic pollution. Another conference is planned for November 2024 in Busan, South Korea, where experts will work towards legally enforcing restrictions on plastic pollution.The Health Impact of MicroplasticsMicroplastics are not just an environmental problem—they’re becoming a real challenge for human health. Recent research has shown that an average person could be ingesting about 5 grams of plastic each week—the weight of a credit card. These particles are found in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we consume.An international study led by scientists from South Korea and China discovered that microplastics can cause inflammation in human cells. Even more concerning, when microplastics are exposed to UV light and other environmental factors, they can trigger brain inflammation and neurodegenerative conditions. The harmful effects of microplastics have been linked to brain and heart health issues, including inflammation and cell death. This can lead to autoimmune diseases—conditions where the body’s immune system starts attacking its own healthy cells.Microplastics and Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, have been increasingly connected to microplastic exposure. In April 2024, researchers from the Mayo Clinic in the USA developed a promising immunotherapy treatment for autoimmune diseases. The research, published in top journals like Nature Biomedical Engineering, highlights the link between microplastic exposure and an increased risk of these conditions.Additionally, a study from the University of California, San Diego, revealed that microplastics can enter the body and trigger abnormal immune responses, raising the likelihood of autoimmune diseases. They may also increase the chances of developing heart disease, cancer, and respiratory issues.What Can We Do About It?The plastic pollution crisis is urgent, but experts believe there are steps we can all take to reduce its harmful effects. Here are some solutions you can start implementing today:Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Cut down on plastics that are only used once and thrown away, like plastic bags, bottles, and cutlery.Use Eco-Friendly Alternatives: Switch to traditional options like earthen pots, glass, or pitchers instead of plastic containers.Recycle Properly: Make sure you're using plastics that are recyclable and dispose of them correctly.Encourage Innovation: Look for creative alternatives like bamboo bottles, which are already being used in places like Sikkim, India.Switch to Cloth Bags: Choose reusable cloth bags over plastic ones when shopping.Protect Water Bodies: Avoid throwing plastic waste into rivers, lakes, or oceans.Support Sustainable Brands: Back companies and organisations that are actively working to reduce plastic usage.By making these small changes, we can collectively work towards reducing the health risks posed by plastic pollution and help create a healthier future for ourselves and the planet.