A new wave of cognitive enhancers known as nootropics is gaining popularity, with products like Thesis being marketed as 'Nature’s Adderall.' The word itself is derived from ancient Greek, combining noos ( mind) and tropen ( turning, bending or tending towards). So how exactly does it boost cognition, and how does it impact a person's overall functioning? 'Smart Drugs'Nootropics, also referred to as smart drugs, are substances that are said to enhance cognitive functions such as memory, learning, and concentration. Unlike stimulants that act directly on neurotransmitters, nootropics improve the brain's supply of glucose and oxygen, protect neural tissues from neurotoxicity, and promote blood flow to the brain.The term 'nootropic' was first coined in the early 1970s by Cornelius E. Giurgea to describe substances that activate cognitive functions, particularly memory and learning, especially in cases where these functions are compromised. Instead of acting as receptor ligands or neurotransmitter releasers, nootropics work by influencing neuronal metabolism in the central nervous system.A review published in the National Library of Medicine classifies nootropics into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances that increase brain metabolism, cholinergics, and plant-based extracts with nootropic effects. These groups highlight the varied ways in which nootropics can impact brain health.Natural NootropicOne such natural nootropic gaining attention is Kanna, a South African plant said to produce empathogenic effects — substances that create warm, euphoric feelings similar to those induced by ecstasy. "There are over 35 known alkaloids in Kanna, which have various physiological effects on the body," says Stephanie Wang, founder and CEO of KA! Empathogenics. "These alkaloids not only elevate mood and promote feelings of well-being but also enhance cognitive abilities and support brain health."Medicinal Use Of NootropicsIn addition to natural supplements like Kanna, nootropics are also being studied for their potential use in treating acute psychoorganic syndrome (POS), a condition associated with early brain damage that manifests as memory loss, mental retardation, and changes in consciousness. POS can be triggered by brain trauma, infections, stroke, or toxic exposure to substances like alcohol or drugs.While POS is generally considered reversible, it can sometimes progress to dementia, particularly in severe cases. Nootropics are also used for chronic cognitive impairments such as memory loss, age-related mental decline, and attention deficits caused by fatigue or exhaustion. Children with minimal brain dysfunction syndrome and patients with encephalopathy have also been prescribed nootropics in some cases.Despite their rising popularity, experts remain cautious about the effectiveness of nootropics in treating severe cognitive impairments. While they show promise in mild cases, their impact on advanced dementia remains unclear. Furthermore, the long-term effects of these cognitive enhancers are still under investigation, raising questions about their safety and efficacy as a widespread solution for brain health. ALSO READ: Is There A Right Way To Absorb Vitamin D From Sun?