A chronic and lifelong disease, type 1 diabetes is a condition that causes people to have high levels of sugar in their blood. The MedlinePlus explains that it can occur at any age, to children, adolescents, or young adults. Being diagnosed with it means that one must be on medication for the rest of one's life. However, a new study may have changed that outcome. A groundbreaking new stem cell-based treatment may have enabled most patients with severe type 1 diabetes to stop using insulin, according to recent research. The therapy, called zimislecel and developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, involves a single infusion of lab-grown islet cells—specialized cells crucial for blood sugar regulation. Insulin and Type 1 Diabetics Treatment Published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the study showed that after a year of receiving the zimislecel infusion, 10 out of 12 study participants no longer needed daily insulin shots. The remaining two patients were able to significantly reduce how much insulin they required. Experts described the work as pioneering. He emphasized that being free from insulin can profoundly change a person's life. These encouraging findings were shared at the American Diabetes Association's annual meeting in Chicago. Why Do Type 1 Diabetics Need Insulin? The NHS UK explains that our body needs insulin to break down glucose, i.e. sugar, to turn it into energy. People who have type 1 diabetes need insulin devices as their own body cannot produce it. As there is no insulin in their body, their blood glucose level can get really high. There are insulin pens as well as other devices that inject insulin safely into one’s body, these devices help you inject the right dose. Other people use insulin pump which gives small amounts of insulin throughout the day. How the Treatment Functions The zimislecel therapy uses stem cells that are carefully grown into islet cells in a lab. These engineered cells, which regulate blood sugar, are then put into the patient's body. They settle in the liver and start making insulin, aiming to replace the damaged islet cells that are lost in type 1 diabetes. Addressing a Serious Complication Around 2 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, which typically develops in childhood or early adulthood. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the islet cells in the pancreas. Without these cells, the body cannot produce insulin. This particular study focused on individuals with a severe type 1 diabetes complication known as hypoglycemic unawareness. These patients cannot tell when their blood sugar is dangerously low. They often miss important warning signs like sweating or shakiness, which can lead to fainting or seizures. Researchers explained that this condition leads to a constant state of worry for patients, always thinking about their glucose levels, what they eat, and when they exercise. Life-Changing Improvements for Patients Within months of getting the treatment, patients started needing less insulin. Most were completely off the hormone within six months. Even better, dangerous low blood sugar episodes stopped within the first 90 days. This potential medical breakthrough is the result of more than 25 years of committed research. The scientists spent ears testing ways to turn stem cells into islet cells, with an estimated $50 million invested in the research by Harvard and other groups. One patient in the trial, Amanda Smith, a 36-year-old nurse in Canada, no longer needed insulin just six months after receiving the treatment. She described it as feeling like a completely new life. The cost of the treatment has not been announced yet, as it has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the researchers believe that for now, this treatment looks promising for patients severely affected by the condition, like those in the study.