Counted in one of history’s most devastating events, Chernobyl is a name that haunts the world and all the generations that come. An explosion in 1986 at a nuclear power plant not only destroyed the area but also affected many generations to come. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster released huge amounts of radiation, contaminating a vast area and forcing tens of thousands of people to leave their homes. Today, almost 40 years later, the dogs living in this area have a unique genetic makeup that tells a powerful story of survival. After the disaster, wildlife in the area first dropped sharply. But over time, some animals, like dogs and wolves, adapted and began to thrive. The dogs living in the exclusion zone today are mostly descendants of pets left behind during the evacuation. They have developed a special genetic structure because they were isolated from other dog populations and lived in harsh conditions. How Did Chernobyl Disaster Affect Life? The University of Texas Medical Branch detailed a study f 130 children and their parents who were involved in the cleanup or were evacuated from the area. The researchers wanted to see if the parents' exposure to radiation led to more genetic changes, or mutations, in their children. Normally, everyone is born with about 50 to 100 new mutations, which are small changes in their DNA. Surprisingly, the study found that the radiation from Chernobyl did not cause an increase in these new mutations in the children. While the study found no increase in inherited mutations, another study focused on the link between radiation and a specific type of cancer. Exposure to radioactive iodine, a major part of the fallout, is known to increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Researchers compared thyroid tumors from over 300 people exposed to radiation from Chernobyl with tumors from people born nearby later on. The study found that those who were exposed to the radiation had more breaks in both strands of their DNA within their tumors. The more radiation a person was exposed to, and the younger they were at the time, the more DNA damage they had. How Did Chernobyl Affect The Animals?An international 2023 study published in the Science Advances looked at the genes of 302 dogs living in and around Chernobyl. They collected blood samples from three different locations to see how the dogs' genes might have changed. The three locations were the nuclear plant itself, the nearby city of Chernobyl, and a city called Slavutych, where many workers moved after the accident. The study found three distinct dog populations: Dogs from the Nuclear Plant These dogs were the most isolated. Their genes are very similar to each other, which suggests that a small group of surviving dogs became the "founding" family for the entire population. Dogs from Chernobyl City These dogs had the most different genes, showing that they had more opportunities to mix and breed with other dogs over time. Dogs from Slavutych This group had genes from modern dog breeds, like Labrador Retrievers. This means that new, family pets have been introduced to this group more recently. The study also found that the dogs are all part of 15 different family groups. They are a unique mix of dogs, but they share some family history with breeds like German Shepherds and Boxers. How Did Dogs of Chernobyl Genetically Developed? Even though these dogs live with radiation levels that would be dangerous for humans, they don't have the typical genetic changes you'd expect from radiation. Instead, scientists found changes in over 390 parts of their DNA, with some of these changes possibly helping them repair their DNA. The researchers believe these changes are a result of "natural selection." This means that the dogs who were better at surviving the harsh environment were the ones who had puppies, passing down their helpful genes. This same kind of survival has also been seen in Chernobyl wolves, which have also become more resistant to cancer. While these animals are not completely immune to disease, they get cancer less often and have a better chance of surviving. This shows how life can find surprising and powerful ways to adapt to even the most dangerous places on Earth.