Vitamin B12 is one of the many B vitamins that are essential for our body's function. It helps with the creation of DNA and red blood cells. Furthermore, it also helps with the central nervous system, like your brain and your spinal cord. It is also essential to keep your hair, nails and skin healthy. Since vitamin B12 contains mineral cobalt, it is also known as cobalamin. Your body does not naturally make B12, this means you have to get it from foods of animal origin or from supplements. This vitamin is water-soluble and can be stored in the liver for up to 5 years. However, this means that if you do not consume enough vitamin B12, your body will use up the stored vitamin and after a while when it is over, you could become deficient. What Vitamin B12 Does to Your Body?Vitamin B12 makes healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. On a daily basis, 1% of your old red blood cells are replaced and this is where vitamin B12 works. It also helps with bone health, and a lack of B12 can lead to osteoporosis. Nerve Damage And Lack of Vitamin B12Furthermore, if you lack vitamin B12, it could lead to optic neuropathy. This means that the optic nerve that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain can be damaged. Have you ever felt pins and needles in your hands and feet? This could happen due to a lack of vitamin B12. As this vitamin plays a crucial role in the nervous system and its absence can cause nerve damage. Vitamin B12 produces myelin that shields the nerves and helps them transmit sensations and without sufficient myelin, nerves can be damaged. These problems are first felt in the hands and feet as the first damage occurs in the peripheral nerves, related to hands and feet. This is why you feel tingling in these parts of your body. Over time, peripheral nerve damage can also lead to movement problems and numbness in the feet. This can lead to muscle weakness and diminished reflexes. A 2012 study titled The Relationship of Vitamin B12 and Sensory and Motor Peripheral Nerve Function in Older Adults that studied 2,287 adults aged 72 to 83 found that the deficiency of vitamin B12 is associated with "worse sensory and motor peripheral nerve function." This means, that nerve function impairment may lead to physical function decline and disability in older adults, which can be prevented by treating the low B12 levels. The nerve damage affects the legs before it affects the arms and without proper care, over time, people may become unable to locate where their arms and legs are. It can also cause confusion, and depression, lead to delirium, paranoia, and impaired mental function including dementia. The absence of vitamin B12 is also associated with cognitive problems and memory issues as it plays a role in Alzheimer's disease.Sources of Vitamin B12Animal Foods: fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and other dairy products. Fortified Foods: breakfast cereals, nutritional yeasts and plant milk can also be a good source of vitamin B.