A new COVID-19 variant NB.1.8.1 has been linked to a major surge in China. The same has been detected in the United States. As per the airport screenings and state reports, the virus is believed to have arrives via international travelers. The reports are confirmed from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) airport screening program which found multiple cases of the new COVID-19 cases. These cases have now arrived in California, Washington state, Virginia, and the New York City area. The details about the sequencing results have also been published on the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data or the GISAID. It is a virus database that shows the cases that stem from travelers from a number of countries, including Japan, South Korea, France, Thailand, the Netherlands, Spain, Vietnam, China, and Taiwan. The reports have collated data from tests which had been conducted from April 22 to May 12. What Is This Variant All About?Think of NB.1.8.1 as the latest addition to the ever-evolving alphabet soup of SARS-CoV-2 variants that warrants close attention. Like fads—whether it’s fidget spinners, finger mustache tattoos, or cup stacking—new variants and subvariants often surge quickly, only to be overtaken by ones that spread even faster. Still, some have proven more troublesome than others.Global virus tracking, thanks to continued scientific collaboration around the world, shows that the XEC variant I wrote about for Forbes in December 2024 is now mostly declining, with the exception of Japan. As for LF.7, it appears to have already peaked—much like the TV series NCIS.Currently, the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant across North America, parts of South America, much of Europe, and South Africa is LP.8.1. First identified in September 2024, it began spreading globally by the end of the year and has effectively defined the past winter's wave of infections.NB.1.8.1 In ChinaThe NB.1.8.1 variant has been associated with a notable increase in emergency room visits and hospitalizations in China and Hong Kong, reaching levels not observed in at least a year. In response, Hong Kong authorities have issued public health advisories encouraging the use of face masks in crowded public settings. Similarly, health authorities in Taiwan have initiated precautionary measures, including the stockpiling of vaccines and antiviral medications, to address a growing wave of NB.1.8.1-related cases.At present, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that NB.1.8.1 leads to more severe clinical outcomes compared to earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, further research is necessary to better understand the characteristics of both NB.1.8.1 and the emerging XFG variant, including their transmissibility, severity, and potential public health impact.Is China Downplaying The surge?As per CDC Spokesperson "CDC is in regular contact with international partners and is aware of reported cases of COVID-19 NB.1.8.1 in China". However, the agency's variant estimate dashboard does not include enough reported US sequence of the new variant. While in Hong Kong, the cases have increased and health officials have advised residents to wear masks in crowded areas and public transit. However, the claim is still that there is no new evidence that the variant is more serious. Taiwanese health officials have also noted an increase in ER visits with serious illnesses and fatalities. What Should The US DO?While the number of COVID-19 cases remains low nationally, health officials are advising Americans to stay vigilant without resorting to panic. Individuals are encouraged to adopt basic preventive measures, especially in crowded or enclosed environments. Wearing masks on public transportation or while traveling is a simple and effective way to reduce the risk of transmission.In preparation for the upcoming fall and winter seasons, external vaccine advisers to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have discussed the necessity of updating COVID-19 vaccines to ensure continued protection against emerging variants.