Karnataka's Malenadu region, especially in the districts like Shivamogga and Chikkamagluru, saw a spike in the Kyasanur Forest Disease. With many cases, and a tragic loss of an 9-year-old child, the disease is again back in public focus.What Is the Kyasanur Forest Disease?Kyasanur Forest Disease or KFD is also known as the 'monkey fever'. As per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), t is a viral infection that is transmitted to humans when they get bitten by infected ticks, particularly the Haemaphysalis spinigera. The disease is named after the Kuasanur Forest in Karnataka, where it was first identified in 1957.KFD belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses—the same family responsible for dengue and yellow fever.While the disease is rare, the illness is serious and is mostly confined to the regions of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Goa. Animals such as monkeys and rodents are also common carriers of the virus. When these animals die from KFD, the infected ticks that drop off their bodies can bite the humans near the area. This then passes on the virus. Humans thus become the accidental hosts, however, they cannot spread the disease to others.What Are The Symptoms And How Does The Disease Progress?CDC notes that the incubation period, or the time between getting bitten by the infected tick and start of symptoms is usually between 3 to 8 days. The first phase lasts for about a week. The symptoms during the first phase are:Sudden high fever with chillsIntense headacheSevere muscle painVomiting, nausea, and diarrheaPhotophobia (sensitivity to light)Bleeding from the nose, gums, or through vomit/stool While many recover after this, around 10 to 20% of patients go on to the second phase of the disease. The symptoms are as followed:Severe headacheMental confusion or disorientationTremorsVision problemsALSO READ: Is There A Difference Between Zoonotic, Non-Zoonotic And Reverse Zoonotic DiseasesWho Are Most At Risk?Those living or working in forest areas are most vulnerable. This includes farmers, herders, hunters, and forest department workers. Travelers visiting these areas during the dry season (November to June), when tick activity is high, are also at risk.How Can KFD Be Prevented?Prevention efforts are crucial in areas where KFD is known to occur. Here are some key measures:Vaccination: A KFD vaccine is available and recommended for people in high-risk areas.Avoiding Tick Bites: Wear long-sleeved clothing, use insect repellents with DEET, and avoid sitting on forest floors or walking through dense underbrush.Stay Alert to Monkey Deaths: Monkey deaths in forests can signal a local outbreak. Avoid contact with dead animals.Diagnosis, Treatment, and RecoveryThere is no specific cure for KFD. Treatment involves supportive care, including:Managing fever and painMaintaining fluid balanceMonitoring for complications such as bleeding or neurological issuesKFD can be diagnosed through PCR tests, virus isolation, or antibody tests. With timely care, most patients recover, but the disease has a fatality rate of about 3–5%.