Pregnancy occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg released during ovulation. The fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the lining of the uterus, where it begins to grow. Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period, making the days just before and during ovulation the most fertile window.Experts suggest that the best time to conceive is during this fertile window, often spanning five to six days in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Factors such as age, lifestyle, medical history, and reproductive health play an important role in conception.Once pregnancy is confirmed, ongoing medical care and regular monitoring are essential to ensure both maternal and fetal health. However, several complications may arise during pregnancy, even in otherwise healthy individuals. Below are three common pregnancy-related complications and what to know about them.Gestational Diabetes: Temporary but Significant ConditionWhat it is:Gestational diabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels become elevated during pregnancy. It is typically diagnosed between the 24th and 28th week of gestation and results from hormonal changes that impair the body’s ability to use insulin effectively.Risks:If left unmanaged, gestational diabetes can lead to several complications. These include high blood pressure during pregnancy, delivering a larger-than-average baby (macrosomia), and an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery. The baby may also face short-term issues like low blood sugar after birth and long-term risks such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.Symptoms:Often asymptomatic, but some individuals may notice increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, or nausea.Management:Management typically includes dietary changes, moderate physical activity, and frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels. In certain cases, insulin therapy may be required to maintain optimal blood sugar levels. Timely diagnosis and control are critical to preventing complications.Preeclampsia: A Serious Hypertensive DisorderWhat it is:Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ dysfunction, most commonly affecting the liver and kidneys. It generally occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy but can also emerge in the postpartum period.Risks:If not treated, preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, a condition marked by seizures. It also increases the risk of stroke, organ damage, placental abruption, and can result in preterm birth or restricted fetal growth.Symptoms:Signs include high blood pressure, protein in the urine, persistent headaches, visual disturbances, pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and swelling—especially in the face and hands.Management:Treatment depends on the severity and the stage of pregnancy. For mild cases, blood pressure monitoring and medication may be sufficient. In more severe scenarios, early delivery may be necessary to protect the health of both mother and baby. Regular prenatal care is key for early detection.Placenta Previa: A Structural Concern in PregnancyWhat it is:Placenta previa occurs when the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, which can obstruct the baby’s exit path during labor.Risks:This condition can lead to severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, potentially endangering both maternal and fetal health. It also increases the chances of preterm delivery and often requires a cesarean section.Symptoms:The primary symptom is painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester. Some individuals may also experience mild cramps or contractions.Management:Management strategies depend on the extent of placental coverage and gestational age. These may include pelvic rest, reduced physical activity, hospitalization, or planned early delivery via cesarean section.Importance of Early MonitoringEarly diagnosis and appropriate intervention can significantly reduce the risks associated with these complications. Routine prenatal checkups, diagnostic tests, and being alert to changes in the body help ensure timely management and improve outcomes for both the pregnant individual and the baby.